Manufactures.—There were in 1914, 698 manufacturing establishments in the State, employing 8,919 wage earners. The capital invested amounted to $144, 961,000; wages paid amounted to $7, 491,000; value of materials used to $14, 892,000; and the value of the finished product to $28,454,000. The principal articles of manufacture include flour and grist, railroad cars, lumber and timber products, printed matter, harness and saddlery, dairy products, furniture, foundry and machine-shop products, clothing, tobacco, and cigars.
Banking.—In 1919 there were 71 Na tional banks in operation, having $4,385, 000 in capital, $3,298,882 in outstanding circulation, and $18,643,000 in TJnited States bonds. There were also 138 State banks.
Education.—There are about 125,000 pupils in the public schools. The teach ers number about 3,00L. The average salary of women teachers is about $73.00 a month and of men teachers about $95.00. The total expenditure for edu cational purposes is about $5,000,000 an nually. For higher education there were high schools (public), private secondary schools, public normal schools, College of Idaho and the University of Idaho.
Churches.—The strongest denomina tions in the State are the Mormon, Ro man Catholic, Methodist Episcopal, Pres byterian, Congregational, Lutheran, and Protestant Episcopal.
Railroads.—The total railway mileage in the State in 1919 was 3,629 miles of single main line track. There was prac tically no new construction in the past years. The systems having longest mile age are the Oregon Short Line, the Northern Pacific, and the Chicago, Mil waukee and St. Paul.
Finances.—The receipts for the bien nial period ending Sept. 30, 1918, were $8,641,270, and the disbursements $9,121,013. There was a balance at the end of the year of $705,187. The State has a bonded debt of about $3,000,000.
Charities and Corrections.—The chari table and correctional institutions of the State include the Soldiers' Home at Boise; Insane Asylum at Blackfoot; Sanitarium at Orofino; Sanitarium at Nampa; and a penitentiary at Boise.
State Government.—The governor is elected for a term of two years. Legis lative sessions are held biennially, and are limited in length to 60 days each. The Legislature has 37 members in the Senate and 65 in the House. There are two representatives in Congress. The State government in 1920 was Republi can.
History.—Idaho was for years succes sively a part of Oregon, Utah, Washing ton, and Nebraska, and was explored early in the 19th century by Lewis and Clarke. A mission was established at Cceur d'Alene in 1842, but till the dis covery of gold in 1852 the State was vis ited only by hunters. Idaho was or ganized as a Territory, March 3, 1863, but in 1864 part of it was set apart as Montana and in 1868, another part, forming part of Wyoming. In the sum mer of 1889 a convention framed a con stitution and a petition for admission to the Union, being admitted the follow ing year, the 30th State in order of ad mission.