Manufactures.—There were in 1914 18,388 manufacturing establishments in the State, employing 506,943 wage earn ers. The capital invested amounted to $1,943,826,000, and the wages paid to $304,910,000. The value of materials used was $1,384,184,000, and the value of the finished product was $2,247,323, 000.
Banking.—On Oct. 31, 1919, there were 475 National banks in operation, having $79,415,000 capital, $25,069,286 in outstanding circulation, and $27,947, 200 in United States bonds. There were also 905 State banks with $101,189,000 capital, and $67,135,000 surplus; 174 private banks, with $3,366,000 capital and $904,000 surplus. In the year end ing Sept. 30, 1919, the exchanges at the United States clearing house, at Chicago, were $28,223,025,000, an increase over the previous year of $2,581,154,000.
Education.—The school population of the State is about 1,700,000, and the en rollment in public schools about 1,200, 000. There are about 35,000 teachers employed, of whom about 26,000 are women. About $25,000,000 is annually paid to teachers and the annual yearly salary of teachers is about $700 annu ally. A total of $40,000,000 is paid an nually for education purposes. There are five norinal schools, with 260 teach ers, and about 12,000 pupils.
Among the most notable colleges are the University of Chicago, Northwestern University at Evanston, University of Illinois at Urbana, Lake Forest Univer sity at Lake Forest, Knox College at Galesburg, Augustana College at Rock Island, Northwestern College at Napier ville, Illinois Wesleyan at Bloomington, James Millikin at Decatur, Loyola Uni versity at Chicago.
Chnrches.—The strongest denomina tions in the State are the Roman Cath olics, Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Luth eran, Synodical Conference, Disciples of Christ, Presbyterian, German Evangeli cal Synod, Congregational, Protestant Episcopal, and United Brethren.
Railroads.—The railway mileage in the State in 1919 was 13,413 miles of single main line track. There was prac tically no new construction during the year. The roads having the longest mileage are the Illinois Central, the Wa bash, and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chi cago and St. Louis.
Finances.—The receipts for the fiscal year 1919 amounted to $32,240,681, and the disbursements to $26,374,900. On Sept. 30, 1919, there was a balance in the treasury of $26,861,321. The State has a very small bonded debt amounting to about $17,500.
Charities and Correetions.—The most important charitable and correctional in stitutions are hospitals at Elgin, Kan kakee, Jacksonville, Anna, Watertown, Peoria, Chicago, Chester, and Alton; school and colony at Lincoln; schools for the deaf and blind at Jacksonville; train ing school for girls at Geneva; training school for boys at St. Charles; indus trial school for the blind, at Chicago. There are also other institutions for the care of the blind, deaf and the mentally defective. The State spent over $7,500, 000 annually for the support of these in stitutions. There are about 260 benevo lent institutions, hospitals, orphanages, homes and schools for deaf and blind in the State.
State Government.—The governor is elected for a term of four years and re ceives a salary of $12,000 per annum. Legislative sessions are held biennially and have no time limit. The Legislature has 61 members in the Senate and 153 in the House. There are 27 represen tatives in Congress. The State govern ment in 1920 was Republican.
History.—The first white settlement in Illinois was the Jesuit mission at the In dian village Kaskaskia, founded by 'Mar quette in 1673. In 1679 La Salle built Fort Crevecceur on the Illinois river near Lake Peoria, and in 1680 established a colony there. After the cession of Can ada and the French possessions E. of the Mississippi to England in 1763, Illi nois was considered part of Virginia, and in 1778 a military force from there seized Kaskaskia and obtained allegiance from the inhabitants. It was part of a county of Virginia till 1787, when it be came part of the Northwest Territory, and in 1809 it became the Territory of Illinois. On Aug. 15, 1812, the garri son of Fort Chicago, and nearly all the settlers near by were massacred by the Indian allies of the British. Illinois was admitted to the Union in 1818 and in 1832 the Black Hawk War broke out. Several massacres occurred, but the Fox and Sac Indians were finally removed from the State. Hostility to the Mor mons led to the murder, by a mob, of the founders of the sect, Hiram and Joseph Smith, in 1844, and the subsequent emi gration of the Mormons from the State. In 1847 a new constitution was framed and became operative the same year. The present Constitution was ratified, July 2, 1870.