JACOBIN CLUB (jak'8-bin), a political organization, which bore a prominent part in the French Revolu tion.
jACOBITE, a term first applied in England to the party which adhered to James II., after the Revolution of 1688, and afterward to those who continued to maintain sentiments of loyalty toward the house of Stuart, and sought to se cure the restoration of that family to the English throne. The unsuccessful rebellions of 1715 and 1745 in Scotland, were brought about by the agency of the Jacobites. In Scotland the party maintained its strength till the failure of the rebellion of 1745 put an end to its political existence.
In ecclesiastical history, a Christian sect which arose during the 5th century, and maintained that Christ had but one nature. They were thus named from Jacob BaradTus, Bishop of Edessa, and apostle of the East, who restored the sect about 545. From this man, Mosheim
remarks, as the second father of the sect, all the Monophysites in the East are called Jacobites. Baradwus died in 578. A small section of the Jacobites joined the Roman Catholics in the 17th century, but the majority remained firm in the faith of their ancestors. Riddle enumerates among the remains of Orien tal sects or Christian communities exist ing in 1037, the Syrian Jacobites living under their patriarch at Antioch. R-,ger of Wendover mentions a new sect of preachers called Jacobites, because they imitated the life of the apostles, who sprang up in 1198, under the auspices of Pope Innocent III. They were mendi cants, and suffered great privations. Mosheim believ,es the sect ceased to exist soon after the Council of Lyons, in 1274.