In entering on the 19th century the first name met with is that of the author of "Waverley." Sir Walter Scott may be said to have created the modern his torical novel. Since his day the British novelists are perhaps the most numer ous class in the list of authors; and among the more prominent we may note Galt, Charles Lever, Mrs. Gore, Dis raeli, Bulwer-Lytton, Dickens, Thack eray, James, Ainsworth, the sisters Bronte, Mrs. Trollope, Anthony Trol lope, Mrs. Craik, Kingsley, Marryat, George Eliot, Wilkie Collins, Miss Brad don, Mrs. Oliphant, Miss Thackeray, Miss Yonge, Thomas Hughes, Charles Reade, William Black, Thomas Hardy, Richard Blackmore, Walter Besant, W. E. Norris, James Payn, Clark Russell, Rider Haggard, R. L. Stevenson, George Meredith, Hall Caine, James M. Barrie, A. Conan Doyle, Maurice Hewlett, H. G. Wells, Arnold Bennett, Compton Mc Kenzie, John Galsworthy, J. D. Bens ford, and W. L. George. In the United States it was not till after the Revolutionary War that the earliest attempts in prose fiction were made. The first notable adventurer in this field was Charles Brockden Brown, who was followed by J. Fenimore Cooper, Wash ington Irving, Edgar A. Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Oliver Wendell Holmes. After these came a younger, and in some respects a more markedly American school, rep resented by such names as Bret Harte, Henry James, W. D. Howells, E. P. Roe, Amelia Barr, Gen. Lew. Wallace, Cable, Crawford, Frances Hodgson Bur nett, Winston Churchill, P. L. Ford, Miss Murfree (Charles Eghert Crad dock). Henry Harland, Robert Cham
bers, Constance Woolson, Mary Wilkins, Thomas N. Page, Mary Hartwell Catherwood, Booth Tarkington, Edith Wharton, Theodore Dreiser, James Lane Allen, and many others.
The most celebrated of the French novelists of the 19th century are Madame de Stael, Chateaubriand, Victor Hugo, Dumas (father and son), Balzac, Alphonse Karr, Stendhal, De Mau passant, George Sand, Feuillet, Prosper Merimee, Edmond About, Erckmann Chatrian, Gautier, Zola, Daudet, etc. The more noteworthy names in the German literature of fiction are those of Gutzkow, Wilibald Alexis (Wilhelm Haring), Hacklander, Spielhagen, Gott fried and Johanna Kinkel, Auerbach, Rodenberg, G. zu Putlitz, Gustav Frey tag, Paul Heyse, Georg Ebers, Roseg ger, etc. Among the most important novels in other languages are those in the Italian by Manzoni, in Danish by Hans Christian Andersen, in Swedish by Frederika Bremer, and Madame Car len, in Hungarian by Maurus Jokai, in Russian by Ivan Tourguenieff, Tolstoi and Dostoievsky, in Polish by Sien kiewicz, in Spanish by Valdes, Bazan, and Galdos.
NOVEMBER, the 11th month of the November, the 11th month of the year. Among the Romans it was the 9th month at the time when the year consisted of 10 months, and then con tained 30 days. It subsequently was made to contain only 29, but Julius Caesar gave it 31; and in the reign of Augustus the number was restored to 30, which number it has since retained. Its festivals are All Saints (1), St. Hubert (3), St. Martin (11), St. Cath erine (25), and St. Andrew (30).