There are three methods of election recognized—by inspiration, by compro mise, and by election. The first is when all the cardinals, as if moved by one spirit, proclaim one candidate as Pope unanimously and viva voce. The second is when a committee is appointed to decide on a compromise between rival candidates. The third and usual method is when balloting is continued till some candidate is successful. It is not neces sary that a cardinal or even a mem ber of the priesthood be chosen as Pope. In fact, at least two laymen, John XIX. (1024) and Adrian V. (1276) have been elected Pope. Two ballots a day are taken till one candidate receives two thirds of all the votes. Then the suc cessful candidate is adorned with the pontifical robes, and the Sacred College performs the first act of homage to the new sovereign. Then the masons tear down the wall which has stopped up one of the balcony windows and the cardinal dean announces the election to the wait ing multitude. Then follows various public ceremonies, and finally—most im pressive and splendid of all—the corona tion of the new Pope. The papal in signia are the tiara or triple crown, the straight crosier, and the pallium. The
Pope should be addressed as "Your holi ness." The following is a table of the Popes, according to the Roman "Notizie," with the dates of the commencement of their pontificates. The names printed in ital ics are those of anti-Popes: education was a desultory one. He picked up the rudiments of Greek and Latin from the family priest, and was successively sent to two schools, one at Twyford, the other in London. He was taken home at the age of 12. Before he was 15 he attempted an epic poem, and at the age of 16 his "Pastorals" pro cured him notice. In 1711 he published his poem the "Essay on Criticism," which was followed by "The Rape of the Lock," a polished and witty narrative poem founded on an incident of fashionable life. His next publications were "The Temple of Fame," a modernization and adaptation of Chaucer's "House of Fame"; "Windsor Forest," a pastoral poem (1713) ; and "The Epistle of Eloisa to Abelard" (1717). From 1713 to 1726 he was engaged on a poetical translation of Homer's works, the "Iliad" (completed in 1720) being wholly from his pen, the "Odyssey" only half. The pecuniary re