ORDWAY, SAMUEL HANSON, an American lawyer, born in New York a fuse. The modern gun is made of steel, and only selected parts of special ingots are used. The ingot is cast in the rough form of the gun, bored on a special lathe, then heated and forged on a mandrel, then annealed, then turned and bored to size, tempered and again annealed.
The inside of the gun or tube is bored and reamed by a special machine which assures straightness. The outer part or jacket is heated and consequently ex panded and dropped over the tube, where it cools and shrinks to position. The several parts of the gun are assembled in this fashion. The assembled gun is then rifled, turned to final size on the outside, the powder chamber and breech rest are finished, and the gun fitted with a breech lock of either a sliding or in terrupted screw type.
The function of a gun carriage is to support the gun as it is fired, and in the case of mobile guns to furnish a means for transportation. A means for com pensating the enormous force of recoil has been the subject of much study on the part of designers of ordnance, and City in 1860. Graduated from Brown University in 1880 and took a post-grad uate course in Harvard. He was ad mitted to the bar in :,884, and from that time practiced law in New York City. He was a member of many important commissions, including one appointed by Governor Hughes to investigate specula tion in securities and commodities. Ac
tive in civil service reform work and for years chairman of the executive com mittee of the Civil Service Reform Association. He wrote many articles and delivered many addresses on civics and economics.
ORE, substances found in the earth from which metals are obtained by var ious processes, but chiefly by roasting and smelting. Ore consists of metals mineralized by chemical combination with one or more of the non-metallic ele ments. Generally speaking, however, all mineral substances containing metals, combined or free, are called ores. They are found in veins or lodes, in bedded masses, and also disseminated in rocks of all ages, both igneous and stratified sedimentary. In the latter, the ores of iron and manganese are the most abun dant, and often found in beds of large extent. Some ores, as well as native metals, are also found in alluvial de posits; gold, platinum, etc., in those known as placers. Placer products, sometimes called placer ores, have been derived from the degradation and wear ing away of older rocks, the minerals having been washed out and redeposited by the agency of water.