ROSEBERY, ARCHIBALD PHILIP PRIMROSE, FIFTH EARL OF, an Eng lish statesman; born May 7, 1847; was educated at Eton and Oxford, and suc ceeded his grandfather in 1868. He was an advanced Liberal in politics, and a ready and effective speaker. He was un der-secretary at the home office, 1881 1883; lord privy seal and first commis sioner of works, 1885; next year held the secretaryship of foreign affairs till the fall of Gladstone. Had he been able to enter the House of Commons, his rise would have been more rapid. In 1878 he was elected lord-rector of Aberdeen University; in 1880 of Edinburgh Uni versity; in 1899 of Glasgow University, Chancellor of the same in 1908. In 1889 he became a member of the London County Council, and was appointe'd chair man of that body. The University of Cambridge conferred the degree of LL.D. on him in 1888. He advocated the reform of the House of Lords, and was much interested in the questions of imperial federation and the social conditions of the masses. In 1878 he married Hannah, daughter of Baron Mayer de Rothschild; she died in 1890. When Mr. Gladstone
succeeded to power Lord Rosebery be came Secretary of Foreign Affairs, and in October of the same year (1892) he was made a Knight of the Garter. On the resignation of Mr. Gladstone in March, 1894, the queen offered the post of prime minister to Lord Rosebery, and he carried on the government with no little success till July, 1895. He then urged on his supporters that the general election should be fought on the question of the predominance of the House of Lords. During 1896 his attitude on the Armenian question differed from that of Mr. Gladstone, and finally he decided on resigning the leadership of the party in order to leave himself an absolutely free hand on this question. He took no fur ther active part in political life, but de voted his time chiefly to historical writing. Lord Rosebery kept an excellent racing stud and in 1894 and 1895 he won the Derby. Among his publications are: "Napoleon" (1900) ; "Lord Randolph Churchill" (1906); "Chatham" (1910).