SAND, GEORGE, best known name of MADAME ARMANTINE LUCILE AURORE Du PIN DUDEVANT, one of the greatest of French novelists; born in Paris, July 5, 1804. She was the daughter of Maurice Dupin, an officer of the republican army, who was descended from a natural daugh ter of Marshal Saxe. Till the age of 14 she was brought up at the Château of Nohant, near La Chatre (department of Indre), mostly under the care of her grandmother, afterward spending nearly three years in an Augustinian convent in Paris. In 1822 she married Baron Dudevant, to whom she bore a son and a daughter; but in 1831 separated from him, and took up her residence in Paris. In conjunction with Jules Sandeau, a young lawyer, she wrote "Rose and White," which was published in 1831, with the pseudonym Jules Sand The re ception it met with afforded her an _op portunity of publishing a novel solely by herself—"Indiana," under the name of George Sand, which she ever after re tained. "Indiana" had a brilliant success, but excited much criticism by its extreme views on social questions. This was also the case with many others of her works.
"Valentine," "Lelia," "Jacques," "Andre," "Leone Leoni," "Simon," "Mauprat," "The Last Aldine," "Lavinia," "Metalla," and others, appeared within the first few years after her debut. She visited Italy with Alfred de Musset; and lived eight years with Frederic Francois Chopin, the composer. These relations also influenced or occasioned some of her works (as "She and He," 1859). In 1836 she obtained a judicial separation from her husband, with the care of her children. She took an active interest in the Revolution of 1848, and contributed considerably to newspaper and other political literature. In 1854 she published "Story of My Life," a psychological autobiography. Among her later novels are: "The Man of Snow," "Sylvestre," "The Devil's Pool," "Fran cois Champi," "Little Fadette," "Jean," "Teverino," "The God-daughter," "The Master Bellringers." Her published works consist of upward of 60 separate novels, a large number of plays, and numerous articles in literary journals. She died in Nohant, June 8, 1876.