SCHWARZENBERG, a princely family of Germany, the head of which was raised (1429) by the Emperor Sigismund to the dignity of Baron of the Empire. Three of this family have acquired a European reputation. ADAM, Count of Schwarzen berg, born in 1584, became (1619) prime minister and adviser of George William, Elector of Brandenburg. He was all pow erful during the Thirty Years' War, and brought down terrible calamities on Brandenburg by his obstinate refusal to join the Protestant union and his firm adherence to a policy of neutrality. He died in prison, 1641, shortly after the death of his master. KARL PHILIPP, Prince of Schwarzenberg; born in Vi enna, April 15, 1771, and first served against the Turks. In the war against the French republic he fought with es pecial honor at the battles of Cateau Cambresis (1794), Wtirzburg (1796), and Hohenlinden (1800), and reached the grade of lieutenant field marshal. He was under the orders of Mack in the campaign of 1805; and when he saw that Ulm was lost he cut his way through the French army and retired to Eger. He was ambassador at the Russian court in 1808 by the express wish of the Emperor Alexander, fought at Wagram in 1809, and conducted the negotiations for the marriage between Napoleon and Maria Louisa. In this capacity and as ambas sador at Paris he so far gained the es teem of Napoleon that the latter express ly demanded him as General-in-Chief of the Austrian contingent which was sent to aid France in the invasion of Russia in 1812. Schwarzenberg passed the Bug
and achieved some slight successes, but was driven into the "duchy of Warsaw," where, acting on i"cret instructions from Napoleon, he took up a position at Pul tusk and remained inactive. In the fol lowing year he was appointed to the command of the Austrian army of obser vation in Bohemia; and, when Austria joined the allied powers he became gen eralissimo of the united armies and won the great battles of Dresden and Leip sic. The year after (1814) he marched into France and captured Paris. He died of apoplexy in Leipsic, Oct. 15, 1820. His nephew, FELIX LUDWIG JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born Oct. 2, 1800, was sent on a diplomatic mission to London in 1826, was ambassador at Naples in 1846, dis tinguished himself in the Italian cam paign of 1848, was placed at the head of affairs at Vienna, called in the aid of the Russians against Hungary, and pursued a bold absolutist policy, his object being to make Austria supreme among the German states. He died in Vienna, April 5, 1852.