Manufactures.—In 1914 there were 5,084 manufacturing establishments em ploying 74,853 wage earners, with an in vested capital of $238,544,000. The amount paid in wages was $44,821,000; the value of the materials used $253,144, 000; and the value of the product $361, 279,000.
Banking.—On Oct. 31, 1919, there were reported 546 National banks in operation, having $58,473,000 in capital, $42,237,000 in outstanding circulation, and $158,327, 000 in United States bonds. There were also 834 State banks, with $25,080,000 in capital, and $8,577,000 surplus. The ex changes at the United States clearing house at Dallas and Houston for the year ending Sept. 30, 1919, aggregated $2, 291,966,000.
Transportation.—The railway mileage in the State in 1919 was 20,074.
Education.—There are about 1,000,000 pupils enrolled in the public elementary schools, and about 65,000 in the public high schools. The teachers number about 30,000. There are separate schools for white and colored children, and the employment of illiterate children under 14 years of age in factories, etc., is pro hibited. There are six normal schools. The most important universities and col leges are the University of Texas at Austin, Agricultural and Mechanical College at College Station, College of In dustrial Arts at Denton, Baylor Univer sity at Waco, Baylor College at Belton, Texas Christian College at Fort Worth, Southern Methodist University at Dallas, Howard Payne College at Brownwood, Southwestern University at Georgetown, Austin College at Sherman, and Rice In stitute at Houston.
Finance.—The receipts the fiscal year 1919 amounted to $21,287,911, and the disbursements to $20,641,335. There was a balance at the beginning of the year of $4,035,840, and at the end of the year of $4,682,416. The bonded debt
amounts to about $4,000,000. The as sessd value of real property is about $2,000,000,000.
Churches. — The strongest denomina tions in the State are the Methodist Episcopal, South; Regular Baptist, South; Regular Baptist, Colored; Roman Catholic; African Methodist; Disciples of Christ; Methodist Episcopal; Cumberland Presbyterian; Presbyterian, South; Lu theran, General Council; Protestant Episcopal; and Primitive Baptist.
State Government.—The Governor is elected for a term of two years. Legis lative sessions are held biennially and are unlimited in length. The Legislature consists of two houses, the Senate com posed of 31 members and the House of 142 members. There are 18 Representa tives in Congress.
History.—The first settlement in Texas was made at Taleta by the Spanish in 1682, 12 miles north of the present El Paso. It afterward in conjunction with Coahuila became one of the States of the Mexican Confederation. Several colonies of American citizens, invited by the Mex icans, settled in the central and E. sec tion, and gradually increased in numbers. When Santa Ana overthrew the federal system Zacatecas rebelled but was soon subdued. Texas then revolted from the Mexican government, and in 1836 de clared itself independent. Santa Ana at tempted to reduce it, but failed, being himself beaten and taken prisoner at the battle of San Jacinto by General Houston. Texas now managed its own affairs as an independent republic, till 1845, when it became one of the United States, and thus gave rise to the war which proved disastrous to Mexico. It joined the Con federates during the Civil War, and was the last to submit. It was under mili tary control till 1870, when it was re stored to the Union.