JAC'OBITES, in English history, that party which, after the Revolution of 1688, adhered to the dethroned monarch James If., and afterwards to his descendants. In Scotland and Ireland, where the revo lution was not effected except with the assistance of arms, the Jacobite party formed ono of the two great divisions of each nation ; and although crushed in the latter country by conquest, they contin ued in the former to comprise a large proportion of the population until long after the tact rebellion in 1745. But in England the revolution was effected at first with the consent of all parties; the adherents to the exiled monarch were si lenced : yet in a year or two, the Jaco bite faction rose into strength, and con tinued to harass the government of Wil liam throughout his reign. Its immedi ate cause was to be found in the refusal of a portion of the bishops and clergy to take the oaths to the new government, which gave, as it were, a certain consitt cony and tangible ground of opposition to the friends of the dethroned monarch in general. At the same time many of Wil liam's chief advisers and officers main tained a secret correspondence with James II. at the French court, less from any at tachment to his cause than with a view to secure their own interest in case of his return. After the death of James Ii. in
France, and accession of Anne in Eng land the efforts of the party languished for a time ; but towards the close of her reign they revived, on the prospeet• of a change in the succession. In 1715, on the arrival of tdeorge 1., broke out the unsuccessful first rebellion in Scotland its ill conduct and failure proved a con siderable cheek to the hopes of the Eng lish Jaeobites. Bishop Atterbury, the last of their bolder intriguers and adher ents, was banished in 1722: after which time it is probable that no extensive con spiracy took place on- timely part. In Scotland, however, the party maintained its strength unabated, until the second rebellion of 1745, by its complete failure, put iin end to its political existence.— Jur:a/miles, in ecclesiastical history, the monophysite Christians of Syria are so called, from Jacob Baradzi, who revived their belief and form of worship in that country and Mesopotamia, in the middle of the Gth century. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made at various times to unite them with the church of Rome.
J a gold coin in the reign of James 1. of the value of 25s.