A very interesting case is related by Montault and quoted by Milner, where a tumour pressing on the ninth nerve of the left side at its exit from the cranium produced an atrophy of this nerve ; the symptoms were paralysis of the left side of the tongue with gradual wasting of the organ on that side ; but the sense of taste was not in the least affected, being as perfect ou the paralysed side as on the other.
We are warranted from these facts in consi dering the ninth nerve as that which influence_s the motions of the tongue in articulation and deglutition ; but, besides directing the motions of the tongue, the ninth nerve influences the mo tions produced upon the os hyoides by the sterna hyoid, sterno-thyroid, and thyro-hyoid muscles, which muscles receive branches, as before de scribed, from the ninth and cervical plexus. The importance of this connection in action of these muscles with the tongue, in the perform ance of the functions of articulation and deglu tition, is obvious ; and in the turkey MiiVer has found a long branch going from this nerr to supply the muscles which in that bird, shorten the trachea.
It is asserted that the ninth nerve, in addition to its motor influence, is also endowed with a certain degree of sensibility, and that, if the nerve be stretched or pinched in a living ani mal, there is evidence of the animal suf fering pain ; this has been tried on dogs and cats. Now if in these animals this nerve has a double origin, this would be easy to under stand ; but Mayer himself could not detach a posterior root in the cat; so that if this nerve, either in man or other animals, has any of the properties of a nerve of sensation, it is owing to the filaments which it receives from the cer vical plexus. But the degree of sensibility communicated to the tongue through the in fluence of this nerve in this way must be very trifling; and it is now as vvell proved that the tactile sensibility of the tongue is owing princi pally to the influence of the gustatory branch of the fifth, as that the motions of that organ are directed by the influence of the ninth pair.
(G. Stokes.) NOSE. (Human Anatomy.)—(Gr. jar; Lat. Nasus ; German, Nese ; French, Nez ; Italian, Naso ; Dutch, Neus.) The nose is the organ of the sense of smell, and a part of the appara tus of respiration aud voice, and in accordance with the variety of its offices is cotnplex both in form and in structure, many different tissues en tering into its composition. The most simple method of_ describing its anatomy in man is the synthetical ; shall thefefore give an ac count, first, of its skeleton, composed of bones and cartilages ;. and then, in succession, of each
of the parts placed on the skeleton, and subser vient to its several functions.
The bones of' the nose are chiefly concerned in the formation of the internal deeply-seated part of the organ, that part which is called the nasal fosste, (cave nares, or flares interme,) or the ca vities of the nose. These cavities are open widely anteriorly to the atmosphere, and poste riorly to the pharynx. The anterior apertnre is, in the osseous skeleton, heartshaped, broader below than above, bounded below and on each side by the palatine and ascending processes of the superior maxillary bones, and above by the nasal bones. Its borders are, in the lower half, smoothly rounded ; in the upper half, sharp and uneven. Below and in the middle line the anterior nasal spine projects forwards and upwards; and above it is the osseous septum, which divides the fossT into two equal cr nearly equal portions, but of which the lower part alone reaches to the anterior aperture.
The posterior aperture of the nasal cavities is quadrilateral. lt is bounded below by the palatine plates of the palate bones, with the posterior nasal spine formed at their junction ; on each side by the internal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone ; and above hy the aim of the vomer and the body of the sphenoid bone. 'The posterior edge of the vomer divides it into two equal lateral parts.
The space of which these are the apertures is altogether irregular in its form, but each of the halves into which it is divided by the sep tum may be described as having four walls or boundaries, a superior, inferior, and two late ral. The superior wall or vault of each cavity of the nose is formed in front by the posterior surface of the nasal bone ; above and in the middle by the inferior surfaces of the nasal spine of the frontal, and of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone; behind by the anterior and inferior surfaces of the body of the sphe noid bone, and its turbinated bone, and by the ala of the vomer. The anterior part of this wall looks downwards and backwards, and presents shallow branched grooves in which branches of the internal nasal nerve lie, and one or more apertures through which one of those branches and an artery or two pass. The middle part of the wall is nearly horizontal, and is perforated by many apertures for the branches of the olfactory nerve, iuid for the in ternal nasal nerve; the posterior part looks downwards and forwards, and presents an aperture leading into the sphenoidal sinuses.