The maxillaries (2) usually carry six molars and premolars on either side ; excep tions, however, occur in the Camelidm where one of the premolars is absent, and in this family, as also in the aberrant genus Moschus and in the male Cern= Muntjac, canines are developed (a, A. 331.). In all ruminants they send processes of greater or less extent to the inner and under part of the orbit, in the situation where these bones lie partly concealed by the jugular or malar bone. As regards the bones themselves there are few other peculiarities worthy of notice ; but we may remark, in passing, that in the Giraffe the maxillaries project more than two inches beyond the tips of the nasals. The sub orbital foramina (b) are placed in the Came lidm a little before the orbits and above the alveolar ridge, at a point corresponding with the line of juxta-position of the middle and third premolars (fig. 334.). In the Giraffe and in other Cervidm the infra-orbital aperture is seen further forward, on a level with the first premolar : in CEgosceridm it is on a line with the second (h, fig. 335.). The Bovida3 have a long suborbital canal opening above the first premolar Of, fig,. 327.), as in, the Stags and Giraffe.
The lachrynuils (3) are directed forward, and occupy a considerable extent of the cheek ; at their point of union with the frontal, nasal, and intermaxilIary- bones there is usually left a vacant space more or less patent. This space in the true Camels is stated to be of large dimensions ; but, out of four crania we have examined in reference to this particular, in one only was this openinr, distinctly visible ; in the others the extension of the periosteum, which closes the cavity in front, had ossified, leaving only a few small foramina, irregularly disposed. In the Llama the opening is significant and communicates with numerous sinuses. In regard to the true lachrymal passage in Camelidm this is represented externally by a single foramen placed directly behind the orbiter ring; but there is in the Camels a second hole which is quite distinct, being connected with the sphcno-palatine canal at about half an inch from its orbitar orifice. In Moschus the lachrymal bone is large; it does not articulate with the nasal, and there is no facial cavity : the foramen is close to and within the orbi tal ring (fig. 330.). In Camelopardalis the bone is moderately large and is separated from the nasal in front by an interspace (fig. 328.), which, in the single specimen we have dissected, is of a triangular form, and measures an inch and a half in length, and five-eighths of an inch in breadth. According to the experience of Professor Owen this vacant space is invariably present, though not always equally conspicuous. At the orbital ring, midway between the frontal and maxillary lines of articulation, there juts out a small tuberosity, which is bounded on either side by a shallow groove ; and from this point the bone is carried downwards and backwards to form, in conjunction with the molar protuber ance of the maxillary and the inner border of the malar bone, a shelf-like floor to the an terior half of the orbit. In the specimen
just mentioned there exists but one lachrymal foramen, which is of large size, infundibuliform, and situated nearly an inch distant from the anterior border of the orbital ring. In the Stags the lachrymals are hollowed out on the cheek for the reception of the special suborbital glandular apparatus, and they are of' large size, but do not touch the nasals, being separated from them by a very ex tended membranous interspace (fig. 329.). In the orbit these bones exhibit relations similar to those indicated in the Giraffe ; but there are two foramina, one placed on each side of the lachrymal tuberosity, beneath which they intercommunicate. The posses sion of "tear-pits," or suborbital sinuses, is not shared by all the Antelopidm, and in those species in which they do occur the degree of depression in the lachrymal bone is very vari able, being in some comparatively shallow, in others well marked : the same observation applies to the open space situated imme diately above. Respecting the absence, pre valence, or coexistence of these morphological peculiarities we may, according to M. F. Cuvier, divide this family into three groups : in the first are to be reckoned those which have both a lachrymal depression and a facial interspace, such as is seen in the Gazelle (A. dorcas, Pallas), the Stein-boc (A. tragulus, Licht.), and the Grys-boc (A. melanotis, Licht.) ; in the second, those possessing the " tearpit," but having no vacant space such as occurs in the genus Catoblepas, the Koba (A. koba, Ogilby), the Cambing-outan (A. Sumatrensis, Desm.), the Chickara quadricornis, De Blainv.), the Caama (A. caama, Cuv.), and the Buhale (A. bubalis, Pallas) ; in the third, those having the inter space, but no depression, such as takes place in the Reb-boc (A. capreolus, Licht.), the Chamois (A. rupicapra, Pallas), the Canna (A. oreas, P. ), and the Nil-ghau (A. pieta, P.). The CEgosceridm have the lachrymals very large and of great length, this being es pecially the case in the Sheep, where they ar ticulate with the bones of the nose fig. 335.). The Goats have usually a small open space on the cheek, both of' the above genera being provided with a small tubercle at the anterior margin of the orbit. The foramina are placed within the ring and are remarkably large in the Sheep. The lachrymals in Bovidm are of still greater size, and very conspicuous (fig. 327.); they develope prominent antorbital tubercles and have the connecting sutures on the face marked by deeply toothed inter lineations. There is no membranous inter space, and the foramen, which is funnel shaped, i4 situated at the margin of the orbital ring immediately behind the tubercle.