We have now only to mention a]] the most im portant works on the botany of the Bible. One of the earliest is the Arboretum Biblicum of Joh. Henn Ursinus (Norib. 1663), continued in 1665 under the title of Phytologia Sacra et Hortus Azvmaticus, in which the author treated of all the odoriferous plants, etc., of Scripture (on which the fullest trea tise is the 11.1yrothecizem of Scacchius). A still earlier work was that of Levinus Lecanius, in which he explained the various similes and parables drawn from plants (Frankfort, 1591). To these we may add, among the earliest books specially dealing with the subject, Sir T. Browne's tract already quoted, the Historia Sacra Plantarum of A. Cocquius, and the Herbarium Spirituals of W. Sarcerius (Frankf. 1573 ; see Fabricius Bibl. Antiq. p. 357).
The five most important works on Biblical botany are the Hierobotanicon sive de plantis S.S. dissertationes breves of Oliver Celsius, a theological professor at Upsala (1745) ; the Hicrophylicon of Mth. Hiller, a professor at Tubingen (Utrecht, 1725) ; the Historia Naturalis 2Egypti of Prosper Alpinus (Venice, 1502) ; the Flora 2EB,plo-Arabica of Peter Forskfil (1775), edited by Mth. Vahl, Symbol bolas. 1790 ; and Hasselquist's Travels in the Holy Land (Stockholm, 1757), translated from the Swedish into German by T. H. Gadcbusch, 1762, and into French (Paris, 1769). The three latter works are especially valuable, because their authors lived and studied in the countries about which they wrote. Alpinus was a doctor and pro fessor at Padua, but he lived for years in Egypt ; ForskEd was the coadjutor and fellow-traveller of Niebuhr, who edited his works ; he died in 1763 at Jerim, in Arabia; Hasselquist travelled for scientific purposes, and died at Smyrna in 1752. A most
valuable series of monographs was contributed to this cyclopdia by Dr. Royle, the author of layan Botany, etc., who also had the advantage of studying eastern products in eastern countries.
Besides these treatises, we may mention Srheuch zer's Physica Sacra, Augsb. 1731 ; Rosenmiiller's Bibl. illterthumsk.Bd. iv. (Bibl. Nedurgeschiclzte, translated in Clark's Theological Series, under the title of Script. Botany and Mineralogy) ; Dr. T. M. Harris's Nat. Hist. of the Bible, 1826 ; Prof. Paxton's Illustr. of Scripture (vol. ; Car penter's Script. Nat. History, 1SzS ; and Balfour's Plants of the Bible. Among special treatises on single plants are Biel's Exercitatio de lignis ex Libano 'Wills (Brunswick, 1740), and J. R. Forster's De Bysso Ant/quorum.
Finally, long and valuable dissertations on sera rate trees, herbs, etc., are to be found in various books of travel and geography, as Reland's Pales tine, Sir W. Ouseley's Tray. in the East (especially the chapter on sacred trees), Russel's Nat. History of Aleppo; Burckhardt's, Niebuhr's, and Wellsted's Travels in Arabia ; Salt's Troy. to Abyssinia ; Rae Wilson's Travels in the Holy Land, and many other volumes, which will be constantly referred to in articles upon separate subjects.—F. W. F.