This candelabrum was placed in the Holy Place, on the south side (i.e., to the ifi of a person enter ing the tabernacle), opposite the table of shew bread (Exod. xxvi. 35). Its lamps, which were supplied with pure olive oil only, were lighted every evening, and extinguished (as it seems) every morning (Exod. xxvii. 21 ; xxx. 7, S ; Lev. xxiv. 3 ; I Sam. iii. 3 ; 2 Chron. xiii. I I). Although the tabernacle had no windows, there is no good ground for believing that the lamps burnt by day in it, whatever may have been the usage of the second temple. It has also been much disputed whether the candelabrum stood lengthwise or dia gonally as regards the tabernacle ; but no conclu sive argument can be adduced for either view. As the lamp on the central shaft was by the Jewish writers called the western, or evening lamp, some maintain that the former name could not be applicable unless the candelabrum stood across the tabernacle, as then only would the oen tral lamp point to the west. Others again adhere to the latter signification, and build on a tradition that the central lamp alone burnt from evening to evening, the other six being extinguished by day (Reland, Antiq. i. 5, 8).
In the first temple, instead of this single cande labrum, there were ten candelabra of pure gold (whose structure is not described, although flowers are mentioned : I Kings vii. 49 ; 2 Chron. iv. 7), one half of which stood on the north and the other on the south side of the Holy Place. These were carried away to Babylon (Jer. lii. 19). In the
temple of Zerubbabel there again appears to have been only one candelabrum (1 Maccab. i. 23 ; iv. 49, 5o). It is probable that it also had only seven lamps. At least, that was the case in the candela brum of the Herodian temple, according to the de scription of Josephus (De Bell. Yurl. vii. 5. 5). This candelabrum is the one which, after the de struction of Jerusalem, was carried with other spoils to Rome ; then, A.D. 455, became a part of the plunder which Genseric transported to Africa ; was again, about A.D. 533, recaptured from the Vandals by Belisarius, and carried to Constan tinople, and was thence sent off to Jerusalem, and from that time has disappeared altogether. It is to this candelabrum that the representation on the arch of Titus at Rome was intended to apply ; and, although the existence of the figures of eagles and marine monsters on the pediment of that lamp tends, with other minor objections, to render the accuracy of that copy very questionable (as it is in credible the Jews should have admitted any such graven images into their temple), yet there is rea son to believe that, in other points, it may be relied upon as a reasonably correct representation of the Herodian candelabrum. Reland has devoted a valuable little work to this subject, De Spoliis Templi Hierosolym. in Area Titiano, ed. sec. Schulze, 1775.—J. N.
CANE (or CALAmns), SWEET, an aromatic seed, mentioned among the drugs with which sa cred perfumes were compounded (Ezek. xxvii. 19).