CHAJUG, jEllUDA B. DAVID, commonly called Ching, and in Arabia Abukaria, Jachja B. Daild el-Fasi el-Kartubi, and Jachja, who is justly re garded by all Jewish critics and expositors as the prince of Hebrew grammarians, p+ripinri was born in Fez about 1020-1040, A.D., and hence is sometimes also called Jehuda Fasi Min+ IOND. He was the first who recognised that the stem words of the Hebrew consist of three con sonants, as up to his time some of the chief etymo logists and expositors, e. g., Suadia Gaon, Mena chem, Ibn-Saruk, maintained that there were biliteral and even monoliteral stems, and derived 11+ from in, r03,7 from qj, Tv; (Lev. viii. 20) from a stem consisting of the single letter T. He, too, was the first who discovered the trite relation of the quiescent letters, forming the Ainenzonic and their changes. It was Ile, too, who arranged the verbs according to their conjugations (r2n3).
distributing them under two beads-1. KAL 6p) light, not burdened with any formative additions ; and 2. CABED (12Z), heavy, being burdened with formative additions ; and fixed six conjuga tions, viz.--t. Aiml (Sp); 2. Niphal 631M) ; 3. hil 64:,,tn) ; 4. Hithpael hmnro; 5. Paul and Hophal, designated 132 CV) where the name of the actor is not mentioned ; and 6. Pid characterised as "MN the other heavy conjugation. This number and arrangement have been adopted by all grammarians, and is exhibited in all the regular paradigms of the verb given by Gesenius, Ewald, and all modern linguists in their Hebrew grammars. These discoveries and scien tific principles Chajug propounds in three books. 1. The first is called run nrnw 1913, also MD 7unzn1 nrnw, and treats on the quiescent letters, is divided into three sections ; section a. comprises the verbs whose first radical is quiescent, viz., (6N verbs Pe Aleph (\t), and 6 +ru 114), Pe Yadh (s"t), e.g. nV:, etc. ; section b. com
prises those verbs whose second radical is cent (1 Vay. (11.7), e. g. Dlp; and section c. those whose third radical is quiescent Lamed He, e.g. etc. 2. The se cond book is called 595119D, and treats on verbs whose second and third radicals are alike = Ayin doubled (1111), e.g. n;p, etc. 3. The third book is called lipri lzp, and treats upon the vowel points, and accents. Originally written in Arabic, these marvellous grammatical discoveries were at first inaccessible and unknown to the Germano French interpreters ; but they exercised so extra ordinary an influence upon the Spanish school of interpreters, that the renowned Ibn Ezra and I bn Gikatilla translated them into Hebrew, to render them more generally useful, and Chajug soon became the praise of all grammarians, lexico graphers, and commentators, who constantly quote him in their works. Chajug's productions have been published by the learned and indefatigable Leopold Dukes (Beitrage zur Geschtchte der Acltes ten A itslegung uud Sprach-erkldrung des Allen Testamentes, Von Heinrich Ewald and Leopold Dukes, Stuttgart, 1844), who also gives an elabo rate sketch of the author's life and linguistic dis coveries (pp. 155-163), to which, as well as to Ewald's remarks (pp. 123-125, Erstes Bilndchen), we must refer against the partial account given by Father Simon (Hist. Crit. lib. i. cap. 31) of this celebrated philologist. Chajug also wrote a He brew Lexicon, which is often quoted by the lexico graphers Ibn Ganach and Parchon, but this work has not come to light yet ; comp. Munk, Notice sur Aboulwalid, p. 64, etc.; Steinschneider, Cata log= Librorum Hebrizorum in Bibliotheca Bod leiana, cols. D. G.