DALS.] 6. The art of setting and engraving precious stones was known to the Israelites from a very early period (Exod. xxviii. 9, ff.J [STorms, PRE CIOUS.] Works in alabaster were also common among them (Vpri .112, smelling boxes, or boxes of perfume ; comp. Matt. xxvi. 7, etc. [ALA BAsTER-D They also adorned their houses and vessels with ivory (i Kings xxii. 39 ; Amos. iii. 15 ; vi. 4 ; Song of Sol. v. 14. [IvoRva 7. Textile arts. Among the Egyptians these flourished, and from them probably the Hebrews acquired the knowledge and skill which they from an early period displayed in these arts (Gen. xli. 42 ; Exod. ix. 31; Is. xix. 9). Weaving was usu ally the work of women (Exod. xxxv. 25 Sam.
ii. 19 ; 2 KingS xxiii. 7 ; Prov. xxxi. to, ; Acts ix. 39 : comp. iii. 125, ff. ; vi. 775, ff. ; xxii.
439, ff. ; Odyss. iv. 330, ff., etc.) That it was not confined to females, however, is evident from Chron. iv. 21 ; comp. Is. xiic. 9. [WEAvING.J Besides the ordinary stuffs prepared by weaving, they had stuffs prepared by intenveaving gold and silver threads with the body of the material and by needlework. [NEEDLEWORK.] After being woven, the cloth passed through the hands of the fuller and the dyer. [Fur-LER ; CoLouRs.) 8. The use of perfumes and perfumed unguents led to persons devoting themselves to the prepara tion of such among the Hebrews. Such an one was called lir ; fem. rllipl) (Exod. xxx. 25, 35 ; Neh. iii. 8, a'.P'othecary,'a. V..; I Sam. viii. 13,
confectionary, A. V., etc.) [ANorNTING ; PER FUMES.] From Nehemiah's calling Hananiah the son of the perfumers' (O'rirllT11), it is supposed they formed a guild or corporation, the members of which builded a portion of the wall under his superintendence, as did the goldsmiths under that of Uzziel.
9. Among more domestic arts may be ranked that of the baker, ilrek (Gen. xl. ; Jer. XXXVii.
21; Hos. vii. 4 [BREAD]) ; and of the barber, (Ez. v. 1).
jo. In the art of shipbuilding the Hebrews were the pupils of the Phcenicians (i Kings ix. 27 ; comp. xxii. 49), though it is hardly supposable that they had not some vessels for navigating the internal lakes and seas of their country long before the time of Solomon (Judg. v. 17). The shipmen were 3.h, a sailor (Jonah 6 ; Ezek. xxvii. 8, 27-29 ; Naerrns, Acts xxvii. 30 ; Rev. xviii 17); ni, shipmaster (Jonah i. 6 ; NaCanpor, Acts xxvii. n); 115p, mariner (Ezek. xxvii. 9, etc. ; Jonah i. 5).
Labour was held in honour among the Hebrews, and therefore handicrafts were exclusively pursued by freemen. Often the same person followed more than one occupation (Exod. xxxi. t, ff. ; 2 Chron. ii. 14, etc). An artist of a higher order, whose efforts were devoted to inventing designs for others, in whatever department, was called part. of :vim to think, invent (2 Chron. xxvi. 15; Exod.
xxvi. ; XXXV. 30, ff.)—W. L. A.