a. Ludim, perhaps mentioned in passages of the prophets as Lud or Ludim (Is. lxvi. 19; Jer. xlvi.
Ezek. xxvii. ro; xxxviii. 5; xxx. 4, 5), where, however, the Shemite Lud may be intended. There would be no doubt that in at least one of these passages (Ezek. xxx. 4, 5), where Egypt and, as far as they are identified, African nations or countries are spoken of, the Ludim are those of the Mizraite stock, were it not possible that under the term Ludim, or Lydian, the Ionian and Ca•ian mercenaries of the Pharaohs may be indicated.
b. Anamim, a nation as yet not identified.
c. Lehabim,• no doubt the same as the Lubim or Libyans mentioned in later places of Scripture as allies or mercenaries contributing to the armies of the Pharaohs, and supporting or dependent on Egypt as a race in very close relations. Thcy correspond to the REI5U or LEBU of the Egyptian inscriptions, western neighbours of Egypt, con quered by the kings of the 19th and 20th dynasties.
d. Naphtuhim strikingly resembles the Coptic name of the westernmost part of Lower Egypt, the territory of the city Marea, probably the older Mareotic Nome, Hic.1)41.t:r or 1114:141,a..2s., a plural form commencing with the definite article ru.
e. Pathrnsim, a tribe of which the territory, the country of Pathros,' is mentioned in later places. The latter has been compared to the Egyptian Pathyrite or Phaturite Nome; in Coptic 114.111007pHC, in ancient Egyptian PA-HAT HER, the chief objection to which identification is, that the geographical importance of the name seems scarcely sufficient.
f. Casluhim, not as yet identified.
g. Caphtorim, and the land of Caphtor, have .given rise to much discussion. We have pro posed as the equivalent of Caphtor, the ancient Egyptian name of Coptos, KEBTU, KE13TA, KEI3 HER, probably pronounced Kubt, Kabt, Kebt bar, the Coptic xerrro, xerurw, Re.E.-rui, Gr. K67rros, Kuft, and ventured to compare Ar7V7rTOS with trip (Smith's Did. of the Bible, art. Cap/i/or). It must be remembered that the city Coptos, or its nome, has given its name to the whole nation of Egypt ians, who were known as Copts by the Arabs at the time of the conquest. But good reasons have been urged in favour of Cyprus, especially the circum stance of the Philistine migration.
a. Philistim—The Philistines are here said to have come forth from the Casluhim ; elsewhere they are called Caphtorim, and said to have come out of Caphtor. It is not allowable to read that the Philistim and Caphtorim came from the Caslu him. Perhaps there is a transposition in the text. The origin of the Philistines from a Mizraite stock is a very important fact for the explanation of the list.
3. Phut.—In later places, Put or Phut occurs as the name of an African country or nation, closely connected with Egypt, like the Lubim. It may be compared to those geographical names in the ancient Egyptian inscriptions, in which the ele ment PET, the bow,' occurs. Nubia was called
the bow-land' TU-PET, where is usual to read TU-KENS, but the bow has not the sound KENS elsewhere; and it is probable that a part of Nubia was called Kens, and that the bow was written as a determinative symbol to show that Kens was included in the bow-land ;' but the question is full of difficulties.
4. Canaan in Gen. ix. (IS, 22, 25, 26, 27) is distinctly mentioned as the son of Ham. It is more likely that his name means the degraded,' the subdued' man, than the lowlander,' though both senses are possible.
a. Sidon, the first-born' of Canaan, like Heth, immediately following, is a proper name, whereas all the remaining names are gentile nouns in the singular. Sidon is thought to signify the fishing place,' so that the name of the place would seem here to be put for that of the founder, the fisher man,' 'AXscis' of Sanchoniathon or Philo of Byblus. But it must be noticed that the next name Heth is treated in later places as that of a man. The position of the Sidonians, like that of most of the Canaanite tribes, needs not to be described.
b. Heth, ancestor of the Children of Heth,' or Hittites, a very important nation of Palestine and Syria. There are indications in Scripture of Hittites out of Palestine, and the ancient Egypt ians warred with the IcHeTA. in the valley of the Orontes, whose names show that they spoke a Semitic language. The Egyptian monumental representations show their armies to have been composed of men apparently of two races, the one Shemite in type, the other beardless, and re sembling the Tatar type [1-IrrmEs].
c. The Jebusite, d. Amorite, e. Girgasite (pro perly Girgashitc), f. Hivite, all inhabitants of Pales tine, but the Amorite, like the Hittite nation, seems to have had a wider extension, for the territory in which stood KeTesti, the great stronghold of the KHeTA on the Orontes, is called in Egyptian the land of AMAR' (Brugsch, Geogr. hischr., ii. pp. 21, 22, tay. xviii. 44, 47).
g. The Arkite, compared with the Phoenician town of Arca.
Is. The SMite, not satisfactorily identified. Per haps one of their settlements may be traced in Sin or Pelusium.
i. The Arvadite, no doubt the people of Aradus. The derivation from in, with the sense wander ing," place of fugitives,' is in accordance with the tradition referred to by Strabo, who says that Aradus was built by Sidonian fugitives (xvi. 2, 13, 14). Aradus was a Phoenician city.
j. The Zernarite, conjecturally traced in the town Simyra, which has nothing to recommend it but its neighbourhood to Arka and Aradus.
k. The Hamathite, well known to have been seated in Upper Syria, where Hamath, on the Orontes, was long a capital of an important king dom.