KNAPP, GEORG CHRISTIAN, was born Sept.
native town. During a single session he studied at agree.
was placed on the staff of ordinary professors. In 1785 he was also appointed, along with Niemeyer, to the directorate of the institution at Glaucha, and in the division of labour the superintendence of the 1825. In theology he ranks mongst the ex pounders and defenders of a Biblical supmnatu ralism in opposition to the doctrines of the ration- v .
latest offshoot of the old theological school of . . "' Halle. His Biblical works are--t. A translation of the book of Psalms, with comments, Die Psal 8v0, 3d ed. 1789. 2. A very carefully edited and s°11' ode 29th Oct. 1749, and died at Kiel 31st May appearing at Cambridge, 1693. The original work 1827. He was successively prorector of the gym- was reprinted both at Amsterdam and Frankfort, nasium at Lemgo, rector of a school at Osnabriick, at which latter place it formed part of the supple and professor of Theology at Kiel. He devoted ment to N. Gurtler's edition of Walton's Polyglot, himself chiefly to Oriental studies. His works in 1695-17or. Knatchbull's remarks are sensible, and tbe department of I3iblical literature are--1. Sa- shew very fair learning ; but they are entirely want lonzo's Sc riften, 3 vols., 1777-1785 ; and 2. Aus- ing in depth, and we cannot read them without fiibrl_ Untersuchung. der Gninde far d. Aechtheit wonder at the small amount of knowledge which und Glaubwiirdigkeit d. Sc rift/. Urkunden des procured for their author such a wide-spread repu Chrirtenthums, 5 vols. 1794-1Soo. These are in- tation. He died in 1684, and was buried at Mer ferior in importance to'his works on Oriental litera- sham, his epitaph styling him ' Criticorum Cory ture and philosophy. His German translation of phmus et Oraculum,' and attributing to him the the Zendavesta, 3 vols. 4to, Riga 1776-78 ; his eloquence of Cicero and Chrysostom, and the judg Natur u. a'. Urstrung der Emanationslehre bei a'er KNEADING - TROUGH (171t.t::)9). The Kabbalisten, 1786, and Ueb. dos Brahmanise e Ee- word occurs four times in the Bible, .txod. viii. 3 ; 144m:system, 1797, have placed his name high in xii. 34 ; Dent xxviii. 5, 17. In the two former the list of Orientalists.—W. L. A. places it is translated ' kneading-trough' (margin, ' dough);' in the two latter (where it is joined with 17, 1753, at laucha, near Halle, his father being ND., =-- ' basket') ' store.' The LXX. render it director of the celebmted orph n asylum and Opaga, in which they are followed by Kimcbi, and educational institute founded in this town by A. ?-yxaTdXcaz,ica, as if from ln), ' to remain over,' II. Francke.* His studies were carried on first in in which the Targum of Jerusalem, Jonathan, and the schools, and afterwards in the university of his Rasbi, and the Vulgate, ' reliquim ciborum tuorum,' Gottingen. In 1777 he was appointed professor .The.re can however be little doubt that extraordinary of theology at H Ile, and in t7S2 011t VCrston is subs'tantially 'correct, and that the vord signifies the small wooden bowl still used by the Arabs for kneading and serving up their cakes, and which they carry about with them wrapped D in the long flowing haik or plaid worn by the Bible and Iissionary department fell to bis lot The ugedouins. La''rge knes7ding-troughs, such as are in
duties of these several offices he discharged with a o rselves 1 e unnecessary then as now ou , Vet' .
iiinseth in ng honour to himself and to the credit of his university e East, where every family bakes the needful supply of cakes every day (Thevenot, Shaw, during nearly half a century. He died Oct. 14, noted by Harmer, Obs , vol. iv , pp. 366-37o, (1"..1arke's edition). HarMer, u. s., inclines to a kind of bag described by Pococke and Niebuhr, alistic school. Tholuck has described him as the oyage, 1. 171, consisting of a piece of leather, drawn together by linos and chains, with a hook to han it b , nsea by the Bedouins both as a table-clgoth anYd as a wallet. But a wooden bowl men iibersetzt und mit Anmerkungen, Halle 177S, was certainly used for kneadin in E t —Wilkin SgA P 713] —E V Anczent clopteans, ii ., .., [...,READ . . .
useful edition of the Greek Testament, Novum KNIFE. The purposes for which knives are Testamentum grace recognovit atque insignioris lee- mentioned in Scripture as being used are—for the tionum varietatis et alp:mentor:cm notitiam sub- slaying of sacrifices (Gen. xxii. 6), for circumcision junxit G. Oh. Knap, Halle 1797, 4to ; the last and other ritual purposes (Exod. iv. 25 ; Josh. v. edition in 1829, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Seripa varii 2, 3 ; I Kings xviii. 28 ; Ezra i. 9), for cutting in argumenti maximal,: 'anon exegetica atque his- pieces a body (Judg. xix. 29), for shaving off the torica, Halle 1805, Svo ; a second and enlarged hair (Ezek. v. t), and for mending pens and other edition in 1823, 2 VO1S. Svo. 4, The following purposes of the scribe (Jer. xxxvi. 23). Knives dissertations—Ad vaticini„,, , yacobt, 1774 ; Dever- were also doubtless used in dividing into portions sione Alexandrina in emendenda lectione exem.Pli the animals sacrificed (Lev. viii. 15, 20, 25 ; iN. Hebraici ea:etc aa'hibenda, Halle 1773, 1776.— 13• Num. xviii. IS ; i Sam. ix. 24, etc.) In the S. N. Talmudic Tract Tamid (4. 3) are detailed instruc representative of an ancient family settled at Men. were also used at meals may be inferred—t. from sham Hatch, in Kent, bom 1601, inherited his the primary meaning of the common Hebrew uncle's estates 1636, created a baronet 1641. He word for knife rb D, from b, to tat ; 2. from was a man of considerable erudition, and devoted -' himself with some success to the exposition of the the allusions in Pray. XXX. 14 ; XXiii. 2 ; and 3. N. T. In 1659 he gave to the world Animadver- from the statement of Josephus (Antiq. xvii. 7 , slows in Libra Novi Test., which speedily went Bell. yuel. i. 33. 7) concerning the use of a knife through a considerable number of editions—a trans- for the paring of apples.
lation by himself, or under his superintendence, Of the shape and material of the knives used by