GOAD. Two Hebrew words are translated by this term in the A. V.
(r.) derived from lrA to teach, an in strument to guide oxen and keep them in the right track ; the word occurs only in Judg. 31 ; the Septuagint renders it ciporp6roSt, and the Vulgate vomere, a ploughshare. Though this is not a cor rect interpretation, yet doubtless the pointed iron which armed the plough might, without difficulty, be converted into a formidable weapon ; and this easy adaptation of agricultural implements to war like purposes will account for the despotic interdict laid upon the Israelites by thc Philistines, I Sam. tiii. 19, 20 (Kitto, Daily Bible Illustrations, ii. 341), Maundrell noticed that in Palestine and Syria the goads vvere eight feet long, and at the larger end six inches in circumference. At the lesser end they were armed with a sharp point of iron for driving the oxen, and at the other with a.
small spade or paddle of iron, strong and massy, for cleansing the plough from the clay. I am confident,' he says, ' that whoever should see one of these instruments would judge it to be not less fit, perhaps fitter, than a sword for such an execu tion as that related in Judg. (yaw-my from Aleppo, etc., Lond. 'Ste, p. 149). Buckingham gives a similar description (Travels in Palestine, Lond. 1822, vol. i. 91).
(2.) p.I7 occurs only in I Sam. xiii. 21 (Spbra way, LXX. ;-stimulum, Vulg.) and Eccl. xii. (gobKevrpa, LXX. ; stimu/i, Vulg.) Kimchi and other Jewish writers consider this word simply to mean the point or head of the •-icn (Gesenius, Thesaurus, p. 349).—J. E. R.
GOAT. [AKKo; ATTUDIM ; Ez; GEDI ;YAEL; SA'IR ; TSAPHIR.]