one who reigns, holds dominion, rules :' used for nearly all degrees of power : of the taskmaster of the ant (Prov. vi. 7), the husband who rules his wife (Gen. iii. 16), Eliezer, who has the ment of Abraham's house (Gen. xxiv. 2), Joseph, the second in command over a country, Gen.
xlv. 8, an absolute king. &t..znur,mt, riwn), Ps.
cv. 20, IS. XVi. I ; also in the bad sense of despot (Is. xiv. 5) ; of the Messiah (Mic. v. 1); of God (i Chron. xxix. 12, Ps. ciii. 19), etc. No less is the word applied to the sway which sun and moon hold over day and night, Gen. i. 18 [om nium moderator et dux sol, Cic. Tusc. 68 ; sol cceli rector, PHIL ii. 4]. In Treat. Jad. 76, is used for Pharoah "1-11 OVr1 nNpmnlz.
'LI (-Inv, to rule, reign), [cf. Phoen. `UV, ; Assyr."0, king, e. Nabukudurrusur Sar Babilu,' Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon, Inscr. Borsippa, etc.], a wo;c1 used of nearly all degrees of chiefdom or wardenship. It is applied to the chief baker of Pharaoh (Gen. xl. 16), to the chief butler (ib. xl. 2), to the 'ruler over the cattle' (ib. xlvii. 6), to the keeper of the prison (ib. xxxix. 21), to the taskmaster of the Israelites (Ex. i. 11), to the prince of the eunuchs' (Dan. i. 7), to the master of the song' (Chenanjah, NZ:Mr! 'V) (I Chron. xv. 27). Further, to prefects, civil or mili tary, of very limited or very extensive authority : Zebul, the 'ruler of Shechem' (Judg. x. 3o); 'Amon, the governor of the city' (i Kings xxii. 26); 111),I1Dri, prefects of the provinces (i Kings xx. 15); Mtn ' Decurion' (Ex. xviii. 21); l:P=11V, captain of fifty', rempcoprapxos (2 Kings i. 19); n1,,,n iv, captains (judges) over hundreds (Dent. i. 15) ; over a thousand (I Sam. xviii. 3), over many thousands (t Chron. xv. 25); 2Z171 'Twin iv, captain over half of the chariots of war' (i Kings xvi. 9 ; captain of the host' (2 Sam.
xxiv. 2); general-in-chief, NZVI (LXX. etpxi arpci-ruyos (Gen. XXi. 22, I SaM. Xii. 9): hence used-after niNas. niSN, God of Hosts-of God Himself (Dan. viii. it). It occurs by itself in the stat. absol. as a. parallel to 'judge :" who has made thee a prince [-V] and a judge over us ?' (Ex. ii. 14), to elder' (Ezra x. 8), to counsellor' (Ezra viii. 25), to 'king' (Hos. iii. 4). The merchants of Tyre are called 174-1V [merchant-princes], Is. xxiii. 9 ; the same term is applied to noble men and courtiers, the princes of Pharaoh,' Gen. xii. 15; princes of Zoan,' Is. xix. 13. The priests are called yin., chiefs or princes of the sanctuary (Is. xliii. 2S, Chron. xxv. 5), and the chief priests again are called nrizri Gradually the word came to be used of angels, as patrons and representatives of special nations (guardian-angels): of Persia, Dan. x. 13, 20 ; of Greece, Dan. x. 20 ; of Israel, x. 21 : Michael, the great prince,' xii. ; the chief princes x.
13; in4itvn the Prince of Princes : -God', ib.
Till. 25 (cf. LX X. in Deut. xxxii. 8). The use of "IV
as guardian-angel ovr, etc.) is retained in the Midrash, but the word is also applied in the Tal mud to a hero at the table, a mighty drinker' (Nidd. 16, etc.)-On the proper noun formed from this word, viz. ;inv.% +nc,, Sarah, Sarai, we need not enlarge.
Of foreign origin is ; milt (nns, nz), Pesh. ‘,PLC1-0, Shultan;.Luther: Landpfleger, Landvogt; Joseph. grapxos (of Tatnai, Antiq. xi. 4. 4). This word has been variously derived from the Persian Magnates' (Boh " ' len) ; Pers. uji„.z.,, to cook ' (Ewald); Pers.
Satelles," Pedisequus ' (Gesenius); from the Turk. L5.30, 'General' (Ffahn); from the Assyrian Pakha (Sanscr. Pakhsha) ; whence Pasha - friend [of the king], adjutant, governor of a province (Benfey, Stern); from , Pe, the lower ;' and gah, 'royal office,' = Pegah, Sub-king (Jul. Furst ) ; from the Arab. verb inz, wallen,' ( Jahn) ;* and finally from the Hebr. nnn = ppn, ra-ylay. It is applied to a prefect of a province, who is subject to the rity of the prefect or real governor, in tinction to j1D-17V17ti, a satrap (Esth. viii. 9); to ib. [see above] ; to p17, sagan ' (municipal officer), Jer. 28 ; to king' (or sub-king), 2 Chron. ix. 14. It is used of the chiefs ' of pro vinces in the Assyrian (2 Kings xviii. 24 ; Is. xxxvi. 9) ; Babylonian (Chaldee), er. li. 57 • Ezek. xxiii. 6, 23 ; Dan. iii. 2) ; Median and 'Persian Em pires ( Jer. 28 ; Esth. iii. 12 ; Viii. 9). Pales tine stood, while under Persian dominion, under such officers, called im ix) P. over the river ' (Euphrates), whose official residence [NC:I was in Jerusalem, Neh. 7 ; Ezra v. 3 ; vi. 6 ; Neh. 7, 9. They were also called trim' 't, P.
of Jehudah (Hagg. 1) ; e. s., Zerubabel (Ezra ii. 63 ; Hagg. 21, etc.); Nehemia, who succeeded Sheshbazzar NTT", the prince of Jehu dah '), (Neh. v. 5, 14 ; xviii. 12). The word seems to have been adopted into the lIebrew idiom at an early period, since we find it used in Kings x. 15 (2 Chron, ix. 14), of the tributary chieftains of the country '-together with the kings of Arabia ; ' further, of Syrian captains, to be put in the room of the (vice-) kings at the time of Ben hadad, Kings xx. 24, and finally it passed current for any person in high authority who was to be pro pitiated by gifts, Mal. i. 8. With respect to the of Judma, introduced by Persian rule, it would appear that their remuneration (` Bread of the go vernor,' Ezra iv. 14), consisted partly in kind, partly in money (` bread, wine, and forty shekels of silver,' Neh. v. is), chargeable upon the peopie (Neh. v. 18 : One ox, and six choice sheep, also fowls, and once in ten days store of all sorts of wine'). Their office seems chiefly to have con sisted in collecting the taxes of the province (Ezra vi. 8); an office at a later period in the hands of the high-priest, and later still let out on lease