PAULUS, HEINRICH EBERHARD GOTTLOB, was born Sept. I, 1761, at Leonberg near Stutt gard. In 1779 lie entered the university of Tiibin gen as a theological student, and gave himself with especial zest to the study of the Oriental languages. He early avowed himself a convert to the principles of what is now commonly described as the older rationalistic school, of which school he was subse quently, and during a long course of years, one of the most distinguished leaders. In 1787 he re ceived an invitation to become university preacher at Gottingen, but a travelling exhibition having been given to him by the Baron von Palm, he de clined the invitation to Gottingen, and visited various seats of learning in Germany, Holland, and England, giving a large share of his time to the manuscript treasures at Oxford. In the early part of 1789 he received, through the recommendation of Griesbach and Doderlein, a call to the chair of Oriental languages at Jena, and in 1793, on the death of Doderlein, he was appointed professor of theology. In 1803 he accepted an invitation to Wartzburg as professor of theology and counsellor of the consistory. In consequence of the opposi tion of the Catholics, he was permitted to fulfil the duties of the former office during a short time only, and for a few years he was chiefly engaged as in spector of schools. In 1811 he was appointed professor of ecclesiastical history and exegesis in the university of Heidelberg, and this office he continued to fill until 1844. He died Aug. to,
1851. The following are the most important of his exegetical works Clavz:r zu dens Psalmen Jena 1791, Svo. 2. Clavis sum Isaia, Jena 1793, Svo. 3. Theologische-Exegetisches Conservatoriunz oder Auszvahl aufbewahrungswerther Anfsatze and zerstreater Bemerkungen z7ber die alt-and neutesta mentlichen Religionsurkunden. Lieferzingi. Ueber die Entstehzingsart der drei ersten kanonischen nod mehrerer apokryptischen Evangelien. ii. Ueber den Ursprung der alt-hebriiischen Litteratur durch. Samuels Geist and seine Propheten Schulen, Heid. 1822, Svo. 4. Philolop:rch kritischer nod histor ischer Commentar fiber das Nene Testament, Leip. 180o-1804, 4 Thle. 8vo, 2d edit., Liibeck In this work Paulus endeavours with wonderful ingenuity to reduce all the miracles of our Lord to natural events. 5. Leben 7esu, als Grzoullage einer reinen Geschichte des Urchristenthums ; Dar gestellt durch eine Gerichterzahlung fiber alle Ab schnide der vier Evangelien nod due wortgetrane Uebersetzzing derselbece, 2 Thle. Heidelb. 1828, 8vo. 6. Drei Brizfe des Heilige yohannes wortgetrau fibersetzt and eklart, Heidelb. 1829, 8vo. 7. Exe getisches Handbuch fiber die drei ersten Evangelien, 3 Thle. Heidelb. 1830-33, Svo. 8. Das Apostels .Paulus Ernzahungs-Schreiben an die Hebrlier Christen wortgetrau fibersetzt, Heidelb. 1833, Svo. There are dissertations by Paulus in Pott and Ruperti's Sylloge Comm. Theolog., vols. i. and iii. —S. N.