CORRODI, HEINRICII, a distinguished critic of the last century, was horn July 31st, 1752, and educated by his father in Ziirich. He was ordained as a preacher, but soon felt that his weakness of voice disqualified him for the office. Having visited the university of Halle, and received Sem ler's impression on his susceptible mind, he re turned to Zurich, and in 1786 became professor in the gyrrnasium there. He died September 14, 1793. He was a man of great zeal for knoWledge, insatiable in his thirst after it, and restless in his endeavour to solve new problems. His theological views were in the main a develop ment of Semler's. His principal work is the Kritische Geschichte des Chiliasmus, 1781, etc., 4 vols. He is also the author of Die Belezichtling der Geschichte des jiidischen and christlichen Bibel kanon's, 1792, 2 vols. ; Beitrlige zur Beforderung des verniinftigen Denkens in der Religion, 1780, etc., 18 Hefte ; and of a German translation of the letters of Dutch divines respecting R. Simon's critical history of the O. T., 1779. Corrodi was an uncompromising opponent of mysticism and orthodoxy ; a strenuous advocate of rationalistic religion.—S. D.
COS or KOS (Finis) is the ancient name of the island which is now called Stauko or Stanchio, as if 's TaV KC), (Rawlinson's Heroa'otus, iv. S7). It lies off the south-west of Asia Minor, at the en trance of the Gulf of Budsun (Ceramicus Sinus) which runs into Carla, between the far-projecting peninsulas on which once stood the cities of Hall carnassus (north), and Cnidus (south). The island stretches from north-east to south-west a length of about twenty-one miles, while its greatest breadth is not more than six miles. It (or more probably its chief town bearing the same name, and anciently,* as well as now, forming an excellent anchorage at the north-east extremity of the island) is men tioned once in the N.T. (Acts xxi. 1) in St. Luke's account of St. Paul's third missionary journey. Cos, or rather Coos,' occurs in the homeward route as the point reached next after Miletus, where the great Apostle took his memorable and affecting farewell of the Ephesian presbytery. It is about forty nautical miles due south from Mile tus (C. and H.'s St. Paul, 1st ed., ii. 226), and St. Paul, after a favourable sail [69-Opogilo-avrEs] arrived here in the evening. The ship did not pro ceed on the voyage until ' the day following' [rf) jas] ; so that the apostle spent the night in this harbour, but whether ashore with.some faith ful disciples, or on board, cannot he conjectured. This island is mentioned (as Cos ') in I Maccab. xv. 23, among other insular and continental places around, as containing Jewish residents whom the Consul Lucius' [Lentulus] wished to have pro tected. In Josephus (Antiq. xiv. 10. 13) an edict of similarly favourable tenor towards the Jews of Cos,' is mentioned as emanating from Caius Phanius, son of Caius, imperator and con sul, and addressed to the local magistrates.' Cos' occurs thrice besides in Josephus, in Antiq. xiv. 7.
2 ; xvi. 2. 2, and in Wzrs of the Texas, i. 21. II; from the first passage we learn that the Coan Jews were a wealthy community in the time of Mithridates, who pillaged them ; while the last informs us that the people of Cos' were amongst those lucky foreigners whom the magnificent Herod bestowed his ample favours on, most probably to conciliate the Jews, who seemed to be numerous there ; these friendly relations continued under his son Herod the tetrarch, judging from one of Bockh's inscriptions (No. 2502). But this island
is still more renowned from the abundant notices of it in classic writers. Even in Homer's time it was very populous (//. 255. 0, 28).
It was originally colonized by Dorian settlers from Epidaurus, who established the worship of iEsculapius, to whom a magnificent temple was dedicated at the chief town (Strabo, xiv. 653, 657; Pliny, xxix. 2. See also MiiDer's Dorian:, ii. 114). Cos was • one of the six cities which comprised the Dorian Ilexapolis (afterwards reduced to a Pentapolis), leagued as a sacred Amphictyony in honour of the Triopian Apollo (Herod. i. 144). Thucydides, who calls the capital rev Aleporiaa), mentions its destruction in his own time by a tremendous earthquake (B. Pel. viii. 41). It suffered a like fate the second time in the reign of Antoninus, but it was soon afterwards rebuilt by that munificent prince (Pausanias, viii. 43). It was the birthplace of Apelles, Hippocrates, and Ptolemy Philadelphus (Pliny, xxxv. 10 ; Strabo, xiv. p. 657; Ovid, de Arte Am. x. 401; Theoc. xvii. 57). Strabo, also, in the same book, commends the ex treme fertility of this beautiful island, especially in its wine, which vied with the Lesbian and Chian vin tage (vijcros ekapros aqua, ofge,o he ciptorn). Pliny also speaks of the Amphora CAT' (xxv. 12. 46). It retains its celebrity, exporting fruits and wines to Egypt and all parts of the Archipelago. Dr. Clarke says that it also supplies the markets of Constan tinople with land tortoises, which are highly esteemed by Turkish epicures. There still exists in the public square of Cos the enormous plane tree, probably the largest in the world, supposed to be Joao years old, which the geographers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries celebrated, and Dr. Clarke described. Cos was also famous for produce of another kind—the extreme beauty of its youths (Atheneas, i. p. 15). The scene of one of Theocritus' Bucolics is laid in this island (Id. vii.), and the Scholiast (v. 5) states that the poet had sojourned there for some time (Cramer's Asia 11linor, ii. 241). The manufacturing skill of its artisans in the finest textile fabrics and precious stones has been eulogised by many poets (Horace, Od. iv. 13 ; Catullus, lxix. 4 ; Tibullus, ii. 3. 53 ; Propertius, i. 2. 2). The clari lapides mentioned by Horace, were probably pearls, and are called by Catullus pellucidrali lapides. But this exquisite manual skill of these old islanders has not only been celebrated in poetry ; Aristotle also refers to their textile fabrics (De Hist. Animal. v. 19, ed. Du Val, 850 ; so Pliny, xi. 22). When Pliny says that (according to the report of some) the silk was the produce of the native worm, he must not be regarded as stating a fact. The silkworm was not a native of Cos ; the silk for the Coan loom was imported from India (B1. Ugolini Sacerdot. Rebr. in Thes. iv. 188 ; J. G. Orelli, on Horace ; vol. i. p. 609). For other authorities on the copious literature connected with this island, see Cellarius, Geog: Aattig. ii. 16 ; Winer, Bibl. Realw.-b. i. 673 ; Kiister, de Co insula ; Sonnini, R. n. Grieckenl, 8o, ff.; Mannert, vi. 3. 241 ff.1 and Dr. Howson (Art. Cos in Smith's Greek and Roman Geography) who refers to Ross's Reisen nack Kos, a. s. w. (Halle, 1852), as containing the best description of this renowned gem of the lEgeam—P. H.