I. SIDON (Moan, 3' 1:40' .EAVIPLOV Kai VI> ruaeiraz, Joseph. Antic,. i. 6. 2), founded the ancient metro polis of Phcenicia, the renowned city called after his own name, and the mother-city of' the still more celebrated Tyre : on the commercial enterprise of these cities, which reached even to the south of Britain, see SIDON, TYRE.
2. HETH (Xerrai0S) was the father of the well known Hittites, who lived in the south of Pales tine around Hebron and Beersheba ; in the former of which places the family sepulchre of Abraham was purchased of them (Gen. xxiii. 3). Esau married 6 two daughters of Heth,' who gave great sorrow to their husband's mother (Gen. xxvii. 46), 3. The JEBUSITE clegovadios) had his chief resi dence in and around Jerusalem, which bore the name of the patriarch of the tribe, the son of Canaan, yebus. The Jebusites lost their strong hold only in the time of David.
4. The AMORITE CAACOACCios) seems to have been the largest and most powerful of the tribes of Canaan. [The name Amorites' frequently de notes the inhabitants of the entire country.] This tribe occupied portions of territory on both sides of the Jordan, but its strongest hold was in the hill country' of Judah, as it was afterwards called.
5. The GIRGASITE (Pep-recraios) cannot be for certain identified. [Origen conjectured that the Girgasites might be the Gergresenes of Matt. viii. 18. ] 6. The HIVITE (EktIos. ?) lived partly in the neighbourhood of Shechem, and partly at the foot of Hermon and Lebanon.
7. The ARKITE cApouKaios)* lived in the Phce nician city of Arke, north of Tripolis. Under the emperors of Rome it bore the name of Cavarea [Libani]. It was long celebrated in the time of the Crusades. Its ruins are still extant at Tel. Arka (Burckhardt, Syria, p. 162).
8. The SINITE (Metwaos) probably dwelt near his brother, the Arkite, on the mountain fortress of Tavvas, mentioned by Strabo (xv. 755), and by St. Jerome.
9. Tbe ARVADITE CApovSaies) is mentioned by Joseph. as occupying an island which was very cele brated in Phcenician history. (Strabo describes it in xvi. 753; see vol. i. p. 237 of this Cyclopmdia.) The men of Arvad' are celebrated by Ezekiel xxvii. 8, t.
to. The ZEMARITE (EaktapaZos) inhabited the town of Szmyra (Autopa, mentioned by Strabo), near the river Eleutherus, at the western extremity of the mountains of Lebanon ; extensive ruins of this city are found at the present day bearing the name of .Sunzrah.
II. The HAMATHITE CApa-LOS). The entering in of Hamath' inrlicates the extreme northern fron tier of the Holy Land, as the river of Egypt' does its southernmost limit (i Kings viii. 65 et passim).
In the verse following the enumeration of these names, the sacred writer says—` Afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.' This seems to indicate subsequent conquests made by them previous to their own subjugation by the Israelites. To show the great goodness of God towards Israel,' says the Jewish commentator Men delssohn, Moses records in Gen. 1.c. the original narrow limits of the land possessed by the Canaan ites, which they were permitted to extend by con quest from the neighbouring nations, and that (as in the case of the Amorite Sihon, Num. xxi. 26) up to the very time when Israel was ready to take possession of the whole. To prepare his readers for the great increase of the Canaanite dominions, the sacred historian (in this early chapter where he mentions their original boundaries) takes care to state that subsequently to their primitive occupa tion of the land, the families of the Canaanites spread abroad,' until their boundaries became such as are described in Num. xxxiv.' General Remarks. Such were Ham and his family ; notwithstanding the stigma which clave to that section of them, which came into tile nearest relation to the Israelites afterwards, they were the most energetic of the descendants of Noah in the early ages of the postdiluvian world—at least we have a fuller description of their enterprise than of their brethren's as displayed in the primitive ages. The development of empire among the Euphratean Cushites was a step much in advance of the rest of mankind in political organization ; nor was the grandson of Ham less conspicuous as a conqueror. The only coherent interpretation of the important passage which is contained in Gen. x. to-12, is that which is adopted in the margin of A. V. After Nimrod had laid the foundation of his empire (` the beginning- of his kingdom,' inzrD* ron.r, the . - - .