5. p+pV, 'rids (from Dr;11,,,, to tread) ; LXX. lAtmactu5s, otyos. year, ; Targ.
pure wine ; Vulg. dulcedo, must= ; mat, that which is expressed from grapes by treadif-m, or from pomegranates (Ges. Thes. 1054). Henderson says : By r7+7,11 is meant the fi-esh wine, or juice of the grape or other fruit which has just been pressed out, and is remarkable for its sweet flavour, and its freedom from intoxicating qualities' (Com. on 7ael i. 5). Yet its intoxicating quality seems intimated in Is. xlix. 26 : They shall be drunken with their own blood as with sweet wine' (hasis); Joel i. 5 : Awake, ye drunkards, and weep ... be cause of the new wine Rau's); for it is cut off from your mouth.' It is promised by God as a blessing, Joel iii. 17, 18 ; Amos ix. 13.
6. Kip, sob?, from N7D, potavit, iLlque , perantius, gurgitavit, to drink to excess, to tope (Ges. 7hes 932) ; LXX. °Ivor ; Vulg. Vinnm. The noun occurs only in two places, but the verb and participle often ; the latter to denote drunk, a, drunkard, a toper. Gesenius renders the noun in Is. i. 22 rinliM, but in Hos.- iv. 18, compote/a, a drinkim, bout, a carouse so Henderson, Dathe, etc. The LXX. must l'fave followed a. various reading in this place. Sob?, then, means some (or perhaps any) kind of intoxicating drink.
7. TOO, mesek, from tipp, miscere, to mix, to mingle; wine mixed with water or aromatics ; LXX. idpao-fia; Vulg. Ill/slum. It occurs only once, Ps.
lxxv. 9 ; but the participial noun mynn in Prov. xxiii. 3o, Is. lxv. It, in a. similar sense wine highly spiced, to improve its flavour and enhance its intoxicating power. [MENt.] 8. winv), Sham:Trim, from -Inc), servavit, re • servavit, aservavit, to keep, to preserve, to lay up ; LXX. rpiryeas, 956Xwyna, .56ta; Vulg. Freces, Tiende mi ce, A. V. lees, dregs, wine on the lees. The word occurs five times, and always in the plural. It is used both of lees and of wine preserved on the lees ;—of lees, Ps. lxxv. 9 ; Zeph. i. 12 ; Jer.
; in all which passages it is used in a figurative sense ; in the second and third, the form of expression is proverbial, being used of indivi duals and nations—' de iis qui desides, atque otiosi sunt, vel certe vita uttntur quieta, tranquilla, meta phora a vino petita, quod diu in cella reconditum flecibus superjaciet et intactum asservatur, quo validius fit vinum odorque fragrantior' (Ges.
1444) ; it is used of wine, Is. xxv. 6, where the prophet foretells the rich provision of gospel bless ings under the figure of 'a feast of fat things, of wines on the lees, Shemiirim, well refined, vipppp, defecated— i.e. Vinum vetus et nobilissimum a fmcibus purgatum' (Ges.), or, cum fxcibus ser vatum (Hefenwein), quod defecatum et clarificatum in conviviis opiparis apponitur' (Fiirst, Concord. 1177). The word is used of lees, according to some, from their preserving the strength and flavour of wine (Alexander) ; according to others, Id quod ad ultimum usque reservatur et re manet—fseces, utpote qum in imo vasis fundo sub sident' (Fiirst). This Vetus et nobilissimum vinum' is spoken of approvingly in the last-cited passage.
9. rIV.i'Vti, ashisha, LXX. Xci-yamov cirb 7nrycivou, cii.Lopirns—i.e. a cake from the flying-pan, a Im-ked cake, a sweet cake—variation of rendering truly. The Targ. of Jonathan on Exod. xvi. 31 uses is.,Vht;iti• for the Heb. rorynv, a flat cake.
The fraditio Judaica' is F,-)crri N.414, a jar of wine. The A. V. has flagons-, flagons of wine. The plural of the word occurs both in the mascu line and feminine forms. Critics are pretty gener ally agreed that it does not denote wine or any other drink, but a cake ; such as was prepared from dried grapes, or rasins pressed or compacted into a certain form. Cakes of this kind are men tioned as delicacies with which the weary and languid are refreshed (2 Sam. vi. 19 ; Chron. xvi. 3 • Cant. ii. 5) ; and were offered in sacrifice to idol's (Hos. iii. t). They differed from jAny— i.e. grapes dried but not compacted into the form o' cakes ; and also from figs pressed into cakes.' So Gesenius, who derives the word from eivit..,4 to press, although Ginsburg would de rive it from a similar form denoting to burn. The evidence seems in favour of a cake, especially a grape cake, in which latter sense it certainly occurs Hos. iii. 1, where however it is written more fully, or rather with the addition of 0,Z)V, grapes, which fills up its meaning, ryi:)3). %.;!+0.•,'= cakes of grapes. Dr. Tattam, resting on the atithority of Rabbins whom he quotes, seems inclined to abide , by the rendering, of the A, V. (see Refly, p. 13, ! 141.