ITZCHAKI, also called Ben ,asus, pny,/ tnt..,w, rninn (comp. Ibn Ezra, introduction to his n'TNC), and by the long Arabic name of Abu Braham Isaac Ibn Kastar (or Saktar), ben 7asus, was born A.D. 982 at Toledo, and died in to57. This daring grammarian, commentator, and philo sopher, who was physician to the princes of Denia, and Mug'ahid, and to Ali Ikbal Addaula, wrote (i) a Hebrew grammar, calledi:PBVIVil 1ED, the Book of Syntax; and (2) on Biblical criticism, called ltD .,pnr, the work of Itzchaki. Neither of these works has as yet come to light, but from Ibn Ezra, who quotes them, we see that Itzchaki was one of the earliest assailants of the Mosaic authorship of some portions of the Pentateuch. Thus he main tains that the portion in the Pentateuch which de scribes the kings of Idumma (Gen. xxxvi. 3o, ctc.), 'was written many centuries after Moses. Comp. Ibn Ezra, Commentaries on Gen. xxxvi. 3o, 31 ; Num. xxiv. 17 ; Hos. ; Graetz, Geschichte der yaden, vol. vi., Leipzig 1861, p. 53.—C. D. G.
IVAH (i1V), also written AVA (eV, overturn ., .
ing'), and under the latter may be s'e-en the older opinions regarding its site and identity. There can be no doubt that it was a noted city of Assyria, as it is mentioned four times in connection with Sephervaim and Hena (2 Kings xvii. 31; xviii. 34; xix. 13 ; Is. xxxvii. 13). Out of these cities Shal. maneser brought colonists to Samaria to occupy the place of the captive Jews. Sir Henry Rawlin son supposes that the city may have taken its name from the Assyrian deity Iva, the god of the air ; runs counter to all principles of philology. The letters and 25 are totally distinct (see, however, Rawlinson's Herodatus, 6o6). Some would identify Ivah with the 'Is of Herodotus and the modern Hit on the Euphrates. For this there are no true grounds, and the names are radically dif ferent (Rawlinson's Herod. i. 317). The true site of Ivah has not yet been discovered.—J. L. P.