JAVAN t; Sept. 'IcuilaP). 1. The fourth in order of the sons of Japheth, and the father of Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim (Gen. x. 2, 4). 2. In later books the designation of a place, which is coupled with Tarshish, Pul, Lud, Tubal, and the isles afar off,' as among the na tions to which Israel should be scattered (Is. lxvi. 19); and with Tubal and Meshech as carrying on traffic with the Tyrians, and especially as supply ing them with slaves (Ezek. xxvii. 13). This ren ders it probable that Javan was the name given by the lIebrews to Greece, with its dependencies ; and this rises to certainty when we find the term employed to designate the Macedonian empire in Greece (Dan. viii. 21), and find the enemies over whom the Jews were to triumph called B'ney Javan, whether we understand this of the soldiers of Antiochus, who were Greek by descent (` He brmi omnes illos Syriac YEg,yptique reges locant,' Grotius), or of the Greeks as representing generally the Gentile world. When we find that
this name, or its analogue, is found as a designa tion of Greece not only in all the Shemitic dialects, but also in the Sanscrit, the Old Persic, and the Egyptian (Knobel, Hilkertafel, p. 78, ff.); when we find it in the form of Yaenan, or Yanun, in the cuneiform inscriptions, as designating the country to which the Cyprians belonged (Rawlin son's Herod. i. 474); when we remember that in the form 'Idopes, appears in Homer as the designa tion of the early inhabitants of Attica (//. xiii. 685), thatiEschylus and Aristophanes make their Persian interlocutors call the Greeks 'Idoves (cf. ./Esch. Pers. 174> 555> 911, etc. ; Aristoph. Acharn. 1047 to6), and that the Scholiast on the latter of these passages from Aristophanes expressly says, 7rcip