KINDRED. Five Hebre.w words are tht.:ts translated in the A. V. :— 1. This word answers to the Latin gens, only that it more distinctly includes the idea of original affinity or derivation from a common stock. ; it corresponds exactly with our word clan. lt is used of the different tribes of the Canaanites (Gen. x. iS); of the subdivisions of the Hebrew people (Exod. vi. 14 ; Num. i. 20, etc.); some times for one of the tribes (Josh. vii. ; Judg. xiii. 2, etc.), and in the later books tropically for a people or nation (Jer. viii. 3 ; xxv. 9 ; Ezek. xx. 32 ; Micah ii. 3). The passages in which it is translated kindred in the A. V. are Gen. xxiv. 4.1 ; Josh. vi. 23 ; Ruth ii. 3 ; Job xxxii. 2 ; in all of which it refers to relationship by consanguinity, more or less remote.
2. 11:-.6in. This word, from 4', conveys marily the idea of birth, nativity ; hence a person born, a chila' (Gen. xxviii. 9 ; Lev. xviii. 9, t), and persons of the same fanzily or lineage (Gen. xii. ; xxiv. 4 ; xxxi. 3 ; 7 ; Num. x. 30 ; Esth. ii. 10 • viii. 6, in all which passages it is translated kinarr:d in the A. V.) In some of these instances, however, the kinship is only the remote one of common nationality arising out of common descent.
3. n3rijn, from VT, 1.0 kl1070, is used to express blood-relationship in Ruth iii. 2 ; COMp. yijn (Ruth ii. ; Prov. vii, 4)• 4. r6t.n. By this word is properly designated such near relationship by blood as would confer the rights and obligations of a or kinsman, avenger, and redeemer, on the party [KiNsmati. As commonly used, however, it denotes either the thing redeemed (Ruth iv. 6), or the right of re
deeming (Lev. xxv. 29, etc.), or the redemption price (Lev. xxv. 26, etc.) The only passage in which it is translated kindrea' in the A. V. is Ezek. xi. 15. Hengstenberg (Christo/. iii. 9, E. T.) and Havernick (Comment. in loc.) contend that ;61,u is to be taken here not in the sense of relationship, but in that of suretyship or substitntionary action, and they would translate the passage, `Thy bre thren are the men of thy suretyship,' or re demption,' i.e., the men whom it lies on them to redeem or act for. The LXX. seem to have read '711-.), for they give aixttaXwalas here. .
5. ritt This, which properly means brother, occurs only once with the rendering kindred in the A. V., in Chron. xii. 29. It is frequently used elsewhere in a wide sense, and may be understood of nearly all collateral relationships whatever, whether by consanguinity, affinity, or simple asso ciation [BRurtiER.1. From this comes bro therhood (Zech. xi. 14) Besides these ternis, the Hebrews expressed con sanguinity by such words and phrases as 72, flesh (Gen. xxxvii. 27 ; Is. 7) ; my bone and my flesh (Gen. xxix. 14 ; Judg. ix. 2 ; 2 Sam. v. r, etc.); flesh (Lev. xviii. 12, 13, etc. ; Num. xxvii. 41), with rintc;, coil. women (Lev. xviii. 17) ; and int,,; -q...%;;;, flesh of his flesh (A. V., near of kin, Lev..xviii. ; nigh of kin, xxv. 49)• For illustration of die special names of kindred among the Hebrews, see articles FATIIER, BRO THER, etc.; see also AFFINITY, KINSMAN, MAR RIAGE. —W. L. A.