GIKATILLA, MOSES HA-COHEN, B. SAMUEL, also called IBN GIKATILLA, of Cordova, flourished about A.D. 1070 to I too, and was a pupil of the celebrated Ibn Ganach, whose liberal spirit he largely imbibed in his expositions of Scripture. Though M. Gikatilla was one of the most extensive commentators and grammarians, and one whose liberal criticisms must have exercised a most power ful and salutary influence upon interpreters and lexicographers, yet none of his numerous produc tions have as yet come to light. An that we now possess of his exegetical and linguistic labours are small fragments which have bccn preserved in the works of the most eminent commentators. But these fragments are too precious to be lost sight of. For the sake of the Biblical student, we shall thercfore give the places where they are quoted in the enumeration of M. Gikatilla's works. His exegetical works are as follows : I. A Commentaly on the Pentateuch, fragments of which are given by Ibn Ezra in his commentary an Gcn. 26 ; xxxvii. 25 ; xli. 48 ; xlii. 25; xlix. 6 ; Exod. ii. 4 ; x. 12 ; xii. 2 ; 9, 17; xiv. 4 ; xv. 2 ; xvi. 15 ; xix. I ; xxii. 3o ; Lev. iv. 23 ; VI. 20 ; Num. viii. 7 ; xiv. 45 ; xx. 8 ; xxi. 30 ; xxii. 13 ; xxviii. 4, r ; Deut. viii. 8.
2. A Commentary on Isaiah, fragments of which are given by Ibn Ezra on Is. i. 6, 22 ; 6 ; iv.
2 ;..yi. 9 ; viii. ; ix. 17 ; x. 3 ; xi. r, r, 14 ; xviii. 2, 7 ; xxv. xxvi. 20 ; r„ 3. 5 ; xxviii. 6, 15, 29 ; xxx. 25, 28 ; xxxiii. 8 ; )00tiv. 2 ; xxxV. r, 3 ; xL ; xliv. 19 ; xlix. 8 ; li. 2 ; 18 ; I, II ; Ivi. I ; lxi. I ; lxiii. 2 ; lxv. I ; lxvi. 5, ri ; by Samuel Ibn Tibbon in his VIM 11P", ed. Presburg 1839, p. 44 ; and by Joseph Albo in his Ikarim, part i. sec. 1.
3. A Commentary on Ezekiel, quoted by D. Kimchi in his commentary on Ezek. 13, and by Menasseh ben Israel in his Nzlrhmath Chajim.
4. ,4 Commentazy on the Ilfinor Prophets, frag ments of which are given by Ibn. Ezra in his coin. mentary on Hosea viii. 13 ; x. 8 ; Joel i. 19 ; iv. ; Amos vii. ; Obad. vers. 17, 20 t Jonah i. 6; Micah iv. 9; Nahum ii. 4 ; Habak. r4 ; Zeph.
; 1, 8, 18, 19, 20 ; Hag. i. ; 9 ; Zech.
i. 8 ; viii. ro ; x. 9 ; xiii. r.
5. A Commentary on the Psalms, fragments of which are given by Ibn Ezra in his commentary on the Psalms. Comp. comment. on Ps. i.
ii. 12 ; iv. 3 ; vi. 3 ; vii. 5, 7, 8, 9 ; viii. 2, 3 ; ix.
7; x. 3, 5, 9 ; xi. 7 ; xvi. 2, 6 ; xxiv. 3 ; xxv. ; xxvi. 9 ; xxvii. 2, 8 ; xxviii. 7, 8, 9 ; xxix.
7, 9 ; xxxi. 6, 7 ; xxxii. 7, ; xxxiii. 2, 7 ; xxxiv. 9 ; xxxv. 20 ; xxxvi. 7 ; xxxvii. 3 ; xxxviii. 23 ; 7 ; xlii. ; xlvii. ; xlviii. 13, ; xlix. 7, 15 ; 1. ro, II, 21 ; liii. 2 ; liv. 6 ; lv. 9, 16, 23 ; Iviii. 2 ; Ix. 7, II ; lxv. 6, 9 ; lxviii. 5, 9 ; Nix. 3, 19, 27, 28 ; lxxii. 9 ; 4, 7, 10, 21, 25; lxxiv.
3, 5, 13, ; lxxv• ; lxxvi. 4, 5, 10, 12 ; lxxvii.
2, 5, 9, r 1, 17, 20 ; lxxviii. 20, 39, 57 ; lxxix. ; lxxx. 6 ; lxxxiv. 4 ; lxxxix. ; xc. r, 2, 8, II ; xciv. 20 ; 2 ; cvii. 43 ; Cviii. 2, 3 ; cx• 3, 4 ; cxi. ro ; cxiii. 5 ; cxv. 12, 16 ; cxvi. IO, 13 ;
cxvii. I ; cxviii. 6, 14 ; cxix. 7, 9, 96, 133.; cxxii. ; cxxxii. 6 ; cxxxiii. 3 ; cxxxvii. 2, 3 ; cxxxviii. 7 ; cxxxix. 3, 1, 20 ; cxl. 9 ; cxli. 3, 5, ; cxlii. 5 ; mdix. 6 ; Kimchi on Ps. viii. 3 ; lxxvii. 5 ; cxxxii. 6 ; and Lexicon under my and "'CV, and Samuel Ibn Tibbon 1:1.1S1 11p` p. 88.
6. A Commentary on ..7)b, the MS. of which is in the Bodleian, Oxford [Uri, P. 45], i. P. 75 Ewald has given extracts of this commentary in his Beitrage zur Geschichte der Aeltesten Auslegung-, Stuttgart 1844, vol. i. p. 77, ff; frag,ments of it are also given by Ibn Ezra in his commentary on Job iv. to ; v. 5, 12 ; Vii. 5 ; xi. 17 ; xvii. 12 ; xxxvi. 31 ; D. Kimchi in his Lexicon, art. Zit, and by Maimonides in his Treatise on the Resurrection.
M. Gikatilla. also wrote a gramnzatical work, en titled r-nz,pn -ILD, which treats on the use of the gender in Hebrew nouns, and which is fre quently quoted by Ibn Ezra, and translated from the Arabic into Hebrew the grammatical work of Chajug, called mon nrrrit..: MC). [CHAjuG.] From the fragments preserved of his exegetical works, we see that Gikatilla was both a profound and liberal critic. Unlike most of the interpreters of his time, he endeavoured to explain away all the Messianic prophecies of the O. T. (comp. Ibn Ezra on Is. xi.), and assigned the authorship of some Psalms to the Babylonish captivity (comp. Ibn Ezra, Ps. xlii.) at the time when both the Synagogue and the Church believed that the whole Psalter proceeded from David. Like Saadia he frequently departed from the Massoretic division of the text. Thus -1+=th, at the end of verse 31 in Job XXXVi. , he took over to n,nn in the following verse, i.e., He giveth meat in abundance, covering the hands with light' (comp. also Habak. iii. 2. The influence which this critic must have exercised sr upon his contemporary and subsequent expositors of the Bible, may be judged of from the fact that the eminent Ibn Ezra quotes his works so largely. We have therefore deemed it a duty, owing alike to Biblical exegcsis and to this remarkable inter preter, carefully to read through the commentaries of Ibn Ezra, and collate the fragments of Gikatilla therein preserved. And it will be seen that the passages given in this article are more numerous than those collected by the learned and painstaking Leopold Dukes in the Beitrk-re zur Aeltesten legung, Stuttgart 1844, vol. ii. p. 'So, ff. We would only add that Ibn Ezra also quotes Gikatilla in his Commenta7y on Ecclesiastes, v. 1z ; ix. 15; x. 17, 18, and it is therefore probable that he also commented upon this book. He is generally quoted by Ibn Ezra as ninn Fin .R. Moses Ha-Cohen Ha-Sefara'i, e. the Spaniard, or rityvi vv.t, R. Mose Ha-Cohen, "1"Inil 1, R. Mose fia-Sefizrdi, or simply ronl, R. Mose. These different appellations must be borne in mind by the student of Hebrew exeocsis to identify this cele brated commentator.—e. D. G.