3 ; xxxiv. 13 ; xxxv. 8 ; xxxvi. 4, 6). These are dry in summer (Job vi. 15-18). The Jews had, by their captivity, left their country empty and deso late, but by their return would flow again into it.' Through part of this sterile region the Israelites must repass in their vain application to Egypt (Is. xxx. 6 ; comp. Deut. viii. 15). It is called the Wilderness of Juthea (Matt. iii. ; Josh. xv.
; comp. Ps. bcxv. 6, Hebrew or margin ; see also Jer. xvit. 26 ; xxxii. 44 ; xxxiii. 14 ; Ezra. xx. 46, 47 ; 4 ; comp. Obad. 19, 20 1 ZeCh. iX.
7). Through part of this region lay the road fron. Jerusalem to Gaza, 'which is desert' (Acts viii. 26). Thus, as Drusius observes, the word often means. not the whole southern hemisphere of the earth, but a desert tract of land to the south of Judaea. Sometimes it is used in a relative sense ; thus, the cities of Judah are called the cities of the south' (Jer. xiii. 19), relatively to Chaldma, expressed by the north' (i. 14 ; comp. iv. 6 ; vi. r). Jerusalem itself is called the forest of the south field,' OT country, like the Latin ager (Ezek. xx. 46 ; comp. Gen. xiv. 7) [FoREsal. Egypt is also called the south ;' thus, the king of the south' (Dan. xi. 5) is Ptolemy Soter and his successors ; comp. ver. 6, 9, II, 15, 25, 29, 40 ; but in the last-named verse, Mede understands the Saracen from Arabia Felix (Works, pp. 674, 816). 2. Cri, which, according to Gesenius, is a word of uncertain derivation. It is rendered by Tit,t, Sept. Deut. xxxiii. 23 ; by pdros, Eccles. i. 6 ; xi. 3 ; Ezek.
xl. 24, 27, 28, 44, 45 ; xli. ; and by OciAXaao-a, Ezek. xlii. 18. Vulg. meridies, auster, austra lis, ventus australis.' 3. pri and its adverb rUn'll, strictly what lies to the right ; Sept. POros, X/I,G ; and sometimes the word is simply put into Greek letters ; thus, Oat,acb, (Hab. iii. 3). Indeed all the three preceding words are so rendered (Ezek.
xx. 46), 'IN. cluOin.brou, arglpICTOP rd rp6ccorby o-ou eirt Occutbc, Kai 4T-tine:pow ert SapOn, Kai srpcok 761.410P 5puniiv iryooktuov m70 : where perhaps the vocabulary of the translator did not afford him sufficient variety. The Vulgate here gives viam austri, ad aphricum, ad salturn agri meridiani,' and elsewhere renders the Hebrew word by meridiana plaga, ad meridiem.' It occurs in Exod. xxvi. 35 ; Num. ii. ; 29 ; x. 6 ; Job ix. 7 ; xxxix. 26 ; Ps. lxxviii. 26; Cant. iv. 16 ; Is. xliii. 6 ; Hab. 3 ; Zech. ix. 14; xiv. 4. In Zech. vi. 6 it denotes Egypt. It is poetically used for the south wind, like Shakspeare's sweet smith ;' Ps.
lxxviii. 26, 1,61-cp, Africum, and Cant. iv. 16, Arc ; for the explanation of the latter see NORTH. Ob serve that rovn and 11) are interchanged in Exod. xxvi. 18 ; xxxvi. 23 ; Exek. xlvii. t. 4. pn, also meaning the right side and south. Thus Ps. lxxxix. 12, ‘111011 hast made the north and the south ;' Sept. OcEXao-cra ; Vulg. mare. The word is evidently here used in its widest sense, com prehending not only all the countries lying south, but also the Indian Ocean, etc., the whole henti sphere. Aquila, Bohiav Kat Se,Stciu ; Theodotion, BoNau Kat Norm In some passages where our translation renders the word right', the mean ing would have been clearer had it rendered it south (I Sam. xxiii. 19, 24 ; 2 Sam. xxiv. 5 ; job xxiii. 9). 5. n-tn, Out of the south cometh the whirlwind ' (Job xxxvii. 9), literally cham ber' or 'storehouse,' 1.K ragaiwp, interiaribus. The full phrase occurs in ch. ix. 9, pr) +-rim ral.LE/a vorou, interiara austri, the remotest south ; per haps in both these passages the word means the chambers or storehouses of the south wind. 6.
Promotion cometh not from the south ' (Ps. lxxv. 6), litemlly 'wilderness,' chrd desertis montibus. 7. C't:), And gathered them out of the lands, and from the south ' (Ps. cvii. 3), OciAao-o-a, mare ; where Gesenius contends that it ought to be translated west,' though it stands opposed to pnyn, as it is indeed so translated under exactly the same circumstances in Is. xlix. 12. He refers to Deut. xxxiii. 23, and Amos viii.
C2. It IS also thus rendered in our version of the nrst of these references ; and on the latter we can only refer to Archbishop Newcome's Prsion of the Minor Prophets, Pontefract 1809, pp. 51, 52. In the N. T. we have v6Tor in the geographical sense. pacratarra rbrov, regina austri, Matt. xii. 42 [SHE2A, QUEEN OF] ; and Luke xiii. 29 ; Rev. xxi. 13. The word ALE-an/Op/a is also translated 'south' in Acts viii. 26, rani Accrnalipiar, contra meridi amen!. It is used in the same sense by Josephus (Anti/. iv. 5. 2). In Symmachus (I Sam. xx. 41) for 1n. Hesychius defines Meo-npfipta• r Ndrov alp?) 'cal r6 113 iy.4pas kteaov. The south west XIV/ occurs in St. Paul's dangerous voyage (Acts xxvii. 12) ; a haven of Crete,' Perovra /caret Xtga, respicientem aa' africzem, by metonymy the wind, for the quarter whence it blows. The south wind is mentioned ver. 13, vbros, auster, and xxviii. 13 [WINDs].—J. F. D.