For permanent pasture the same authorities advise : 4 lbs. orchard-grass, 4 lbs. meadow fescue, 3 lbs. tall oat-grass, 2 lbs. timothy, 2 lbs. meadow foxtail, 5 lbs. alfalfa, 2 lbs. alsike clover, 2 lbs. white clover, making 24 lbs. per acre in all.
For wet land in New England for meadow, L. R. Jones, of Vermont, suggests, per acre, 10 lbs. timothy, 6 lbs. alsike clover, 4 lbs. recleaned red top, 10 lbs. fowl meadow-grass, in chaff. Sow in midsummer withont a nurse crop.
For meadow in a shady place, the same authority suggests, per acre, 1 bus. orchard-grass, 6 lbs. tim othy, 3 lbs. meadow fescue or Kentucky blue-grass, 8 lbs. red clover, 2 lbs. alsike clover, and 2 to 4 lbs. of meadow foxtail if obtainable.
For pasture in Vermont the same authority recommends, per acre, 8 lbs. timothy, 4 lbs. re cleaned red-top, 7 lbs. Kentucky blue-grass, 2 lbs. orchard-grass, 2 lbs. meadow fescue, 3 lbs. red clover, 3 lbs. alsike clover, 4 lbs. white clover, and 1 or 2 lbs. meadow foxtail if obtainable.
In western New York the writer is using, for sowing on old pastures, a mixture of 2 to 3 lbs. timothy, 2 lbs. red-top, 4 lbs. Kentucky blue-grace, 3 lbs. meadow fescue, 2 lbs. meadow foxtail, if good seed is obtainable, 2 to 3 lbs. red clover, 4 to 1 lb. alsike clover per acre. On heavy clays, 2 lbs. Canada blue-grass might be included.
North Carolina Experiment Station (Bulletin No. 168) used the following mixtures, per acre, for one crop of hay and then to be pastured for 2 or 3 years : 10 lbs. tall oat-grass, 5 lbs. orehard-grass, 1 lb. red-top, 2 lbs. Kentucky blue-grass, 71 lbs. red clover. Another mixture used was, per acre : 14 lbs. orchard-grass, 7i lbs. red-top, 7 lbs. Kentucky blue-grass, 5 lbs. red clover, 21- lbs. white clover, lb. alsike clover. Another year the following was used, per acre : 14 lbs. orchard-grass, 7 lbs. Ken tucky blue-grass, 10); lbs. tall oat-grass, lbs. meadow foxtail, 7 lbs. Canada blue-grass, 3i lbs. red-top, 4 lb. white clover, 4 lbs. red clover.
For southern states for hay sow 3 lbs. per acre of Bermuda-grass, good imported seed, at any time the ground is moist or likely to continue so for some time. This grass is generally started by planting pieces of sod or cuttings of the underground stems, owing to difficulty in securing good seed. Texas blue-grass (Poa arachnifera) is usually started from cuttings in the same way as Bermuda-grass, although seed is sometimes sown. Rescue-grass or Schrader's brome grass is sown at the rate of one bushel per acre in August or September. One-half
bushel of rescue-grass and a few pounds of bur clover make a good hay crop.
For pasture in Mississippi, Lloyd suggests carpet grass and lespedeza for the sandy valleys ; awnless brome grass, crab-grass and Mexican clover for the upland ; and turf oats and hairy vetch for winter and early spring grazing. Orchard-grass is also a useful plant. For wet and seepy land sow red-top and alsike clover.
For pasture in western Nebraska, Professor Lyon suggests, per acre, 4 to 6 lbs. orchard-grass, 6 to 10 lbs. awnless brome grass, 8 to 14 lbs. meadow fescue, and a small amount of alfalfa, Kentucky blue-grass and white clover. The amount of meadow fescue may be increased in the southern part of the state and the brome grass in the northern part.
For hay for two years and then pasture, alfalfa may be sown with awnless brome grass, meadow •fescue or orchard-grass, sowing 20 to 25 lbs. of alfalfa and 15 to 20 lbs. of the grass seed per acre. The alfalfa will occupy the land for the first year or two, after which the grasses come in.
Machines for sowing grass seed.
In northeastern United States it is customary to sow the timothy in the fall at the time the land is sown to wheat, an extra hopper being provided on the grain drill for the purpose. If clover is used on such land, it is generally sown in the spring either with a seed barrow, which frequently is made ten to fourteen feet wide and pushed by hand, or by means of one of the hand-seeders of the Cyclone or other type, which consists merely of a revolving disk which scatters the seed ; or it may be sown by baud. In many cases it is desirable lightly to cover the seed ; the weeder with a seee box attached is an admirable toed for such work. This tool is mounted on two wheels, which furnish the drive for the seeder and enable the operator to ride. [See pictures of seeding tools, pages 133, 137.] Why grasses "run out." The same plant cannot occupy the same piece of land for an indefinite period of time. Grasses, like other plants, live and die ; they tend to run out or disappear. Farmers find it necessary to reseed more or less often if they wish to maintain the grass on the same land. There are several reasons why grasses run out : (1) The plant may live its normal life and then die. The duration of life of most grasses is not understood and little is known regarding the influ ence of grazing or cutting on their lives.