Loung-zayet, is a round-bottomed boat, with stem and stern high but rounded in or curved in ; in other respects like the Pein-go-ma.
Loung-go.—Bottom made up by scooping out a very large log. The depth of the boat is increased from two to three feet, by having nailed on planks running from stem to stern. Six to eight feet of the stern end is covered in by a hood of bamboo matting, made water-proof with earth oil or earth air and dammer ; here the crew and family live. The large boats of this description have a mast and sail ; the smaller ones, when favoured with a breeze, put up two bamboos ten or fourteen feet in length, joined at the top and spread out at the bottom, and for a sail both men and women's clothes are 'spread out. The crew are three or four and a steersman, generally the owner.
Ka-do-lay, a ferry boat, bottom made from a single log, sides planked, the whole length from 1 to 2 feet in breadth ; about 5 or 6 feet of the stern end is covered with a rounded hood of thatch and bamboo. The steersman sits at the extreme stern end and steers with a paddle, while the boat is propelled by two rowers.
Sa-dho, a canoe made up from one log, vary ing in length from 6 to 15 feet and 2 to 2-i feet in breadth.
Canoes of two different forms are in use on the Irawadi, some of which are ridiculously small in proportion to the number of persons they carry.
Loung, a racing boat, bottom made up of one large long log, from 30 to 40 feet or more in length, with a side planking like the Ka-do-lay, paddled by 25 or 40 men according to size.
Gandoo.—This is the largest kind of native trading boat ; it is built on a canoe of a single tree of the largest size, chiefly of peengado, but teak and thengan canoes are also used for this purpose. These canoes are from 25 to 30 cubits long and 3 to 4 cubits wide ; ribs are fastened inside the canoe, and planks are then built on them up to the size required ; the largest are 35 to 40 cubits long and 8 cubits deep, with a breadth of 15 cubits. Burden from 40,000 to 60,000 viss, and have a crew of from 40 to 50 men. They are built principally in the Henzadah district ; they have two masts, and are rigged with square sails on the foremast, gene rally two of very large size. They trade to Arakan and Dacca chiefly, the cargo consisting principally of cutch and cotton, which they exchange for betel-nut and tobacco, and generally realize large profits.
Katoo.—This form of trading boat is an improve ment on the foregoing. It is built with a thick plank from a keel, in the same way as ordinary vessels, and usually with the fore part in imitation of the Chinese junk. The largest kind carry about 20,000 viss, and the rig is similar to the junk, two or three fore-and-aft sail, which enable them to beat when the wind is adverse.
Sampan, a Chinese ferry boat shaped much like a spoon with just the handle cut out, leaving its shoulders projecting. The boat is flat-bottomed, built of teak planks nailed to ribs set about 18 inches apart ; over the ribs are planks loosely fitted on and forming a deck. The boat is propelled by a single Chinaman, who stands in the bowl of the spoon with his face to the bead of the boat. Sometimes a large square sail is used, when a large square rudder is shipped to guide the boat. A very unsafe boat under sail. It is painted like the junk in the forepart and stern. About two feet of the head of the boat is planked up, and serves as a box. Cost of Sampan, Rs. 50 to Bs. 60.
The Sampan boat at Singapore is remarkable for its swiftness both with sails and oars. When skilfully managed, they are exceeding Rafe, and aro sometimes employed on rather distant coasting voyages, from Singapore to Femme, for example. The passenger Sampan is employed at Singapore and on the Irawadi chiefly in convoying passengers between the shore and the shipping.
China, Malacca, Archipelago.—Tlio boats of the Straits of Malacca aro the Prahu, Sampan, Lorcha, Pukat, Chompreng, Sekong, and Tong-kong or Ting-king. In the Eastern Archipelago, the generic name for a boat or vessel, largo or small, is Praha, a word which belongs equally to the Malay and Javanese languages, and from these has been very widely spread to others, extending as a synonym to the principal Philippine tongues. The usual name for a canoe or skiff, both in Malay and Javanese, is Sampan. The large vessels which the natives of the Archipelago used in war and trade were called by them Jung, which is the word, corrupted Junk, that Europeans apply to the large vessels of the Chinese, of which the proper name is I liang-kang. For a square-rigged vessel or ship, the natives have borrowed the word papal from the Teling people.