CARNAL' UBA, a tree of S. America, Havana, and Mexico, which should be introduced into India. Humboldt and Murichi have described it as the tree of life. Cattle cat the heart of the young tree, and at its full growth a fecal is obtained from it. Its fruit is also nourishing. But its chief product is the wax which covers the surface of its young leaves, in the form of a glutinous powder. When melted by heat, it cannot be dis tinguished from wax of the honeycomb.—Marius.
CAltNATIC, an ancient name of the table-land in Southern India, above the Eastern and Western Ghats, known as the I3alaghat ; to this region, though the people speak Canarese, the name is now never applied, but it is now given to the country below the Eastern Ghats, or Paeen Ghat. Its ancient kingdoms were the Pandya, Chera, Chola, and Calinga. In n.c. 75 an expedition left the eastern side of the Peninsula, from ancient Calinga, and formed a colony in Java. The Pandya dynasty ruled in parts of the south of the Carnatic, with varying fortunes, from the 4th or 3d centuries B.C. At present it is a province on the Coromandel coast, about 500 miles long from north to and averaging about sixty miles broad. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, it was overrun by Mabratta, Mahomedan, French, and British soldiery. Sadut Oollah was ruler of the Carnatic from 1710 to 1732, and was succeeded by his nephew, Ali Dost. All Dost was killed in battle against the Mahrattas, and was succeeded by his son, Sufdar Ali. Of his two daughters, one married Chunda Sahib. Chunda Sahib seized on Trichinopoly in 1736, but the place was taken by the Mahrattas, and Chunda Sahib was made prisoner, and lingered for eight years in prison, where he was murdered by the raja of Tanjore. Sufdar Ali was assassinated by his
brother-in-law, Murtuzza Ali, leaving a minor son ; but this youth also was assassinated, while Anwar ud-Din was his guardian, and Anwar - ud - Din succeeded to the throne as Nawab of the Carnatic. During the conflicts for supremacy in Hyderabad and the Carnatic, between the French and 13ritish, naval and land battles were fought at Damalachery near Madras, at Amboor on the Penner river, near Gingee, at Valconda on the Arni, at Cauverypauk, at Vicravandi Bahur, at the Golden Rock, Sugar Rock of Trichinopoly, at Waudewash, also off Negapatam, Tranquebar, and at Fort St. David. Anwar - ud- Din, when about eighty years old, fought and fell at the battle of Amboor, in 1749 ; his son, Mahomed Ali, fled to Trichinopoly, but ho was acknowledged by the treaty of Paris in 1763. From that time till his death in 1795, the Carnatic was occasionally under his rule, and at times under the civil and military administration of the British. In 1795 he was succeeded by his eldest son, Umdat-ul-Umra, who died in 1801, when the British put aside Umdat-ul-Umra's son, and placed his nephew, Azim-ud-Dowla, on the throne. The British, in 1856, on the demise of Mahomed Ghous, grandson of Azim-ud-Dowlah, finally abolished the titular nawab, from which followed long efforts to seat the second son of Azim-ud-Dowra. The people of the Carnatic are of the Dravidian stock, and speak the Tamil and Telugu languages.— Illalleson's French in India.