CARYOTA URENS. Linn. Malabar sago palm.
Ban khajur, . . . BENO. Nibong, . . . . MALAY.
Ramguoah ?. . Shunda pans, . MALEAL.
Burnt flawan? . . Nepera, Kittul, . SINGH.
Yels kae ? . . . CAN. Ootali panna, . . . Tam. Bhyni, Mear ? .. Munk panna,. . Ghat palm, . . ENG. Erim-pannah, . Bastard sago palm, . . . TEL.
Jagari palm, . . . Konda jiligu, . . Ram-guoah ? . . Jirugu, Berli, . . . MAIIR. . . . . URIA.
This very ornamental palm grows in Ceylon and in Malabar, Canara, Sunda, on the Godavery, in Ganjam, Gumsur, Assam, Sumatra, and Borneo. It grows to a height of forty feet, with a ringed, tall, and slender stein of more than a foot in, diameter: It is found ow the sea-shore, and ascends the mountains of Sikkim to the height of 5000 feet. Its outer wood (outside the pith) is nearly as hard as flint.. Where it grows in abundance, it is one of the most useful of trees. The root is hollowed for the buckets used in irri gation; and the trunk, when hollowed, by freeing it from the inner pith, forms a convenient and economical water conduit. In Ceylon, Sumatra, and Borneo, it is used for rafters, reepers, window bars, posts, etc., but is little durable, rarely lasting above three or four years. Its pith or farinaceous part is filled with starch granules equal to the best sago, which are extracted by the people, and made' into bread or pottage. Its spathes yield a toddy or palm wine, Koondel panai kallu, TASI. and during the hot season a single tree will yield at the rate of a hundred pints in the 24 hours. This is used as an intoxicating
liquor, also as yeast in baking bread, and is con verted into the spirit called Bhyni arrack, and into sugar or the jagari called Koondel panai vellum, TAIL Its cabbage is preferred to that of the cocoanut. Its leaves arc very large, measur.
ing 18 or 20 feet in length, and from 10 to 12 across ; from their fibre, the kittal fibre of commerce, ropes of great strength, brushes, brooms, caps, and similar articles are manufac tured ; the woolly material found on the petioles is used as oakum for caulking ships. In Ceylon the black fibre from the leaf-stalks is manufactured into rope of great strength and durability, and is used for tying wild elephants. The Rodyabs, a forest race among the Kandyans, make this rope generally with considerable skill. The fibre is much used by the natives for making fishing lines and bowstrings ; is very strong, and resists water for some time, but is liable to snap if suddenly bent or knotted. It resembles black horse-hair, and might be employed similarly. Dr. Gibson says it is one of the most useful trees in the country ; and he had beard that the farm of this tree, throughout the single district of Yellapore in Soopah, yielded Rs. 30,000 per annum.Drs. Wight, Gibson, Roxb., 1?oyle, Hooker, Marsden, and Ainslie ; Mr. Mendis ; Captain Macdonald ; M. E. J. R.; Seeman ; Mr. Low; Mr. Ondatjee, Veg. Prod. of Ceylon.