The chert and a. dark-red ferruginous jasper are used by the natives as flints. Salt springs occur in the vicinity. The wells about Gram are both sweet and brackish within a short distance, and a fragment of rock-salt was found in the green earth of the mine. A little to the east of Kulkairi is a low plain nearly covered with a white travertine, partly compact, partly cellular, resem bling that found in the bed of the Cauvery at Seringapatam. The corundum mines at Kulkairi are situated both near the summit and at the foot of the excavations of tho rising ground there. There are a series of excavations varying from tavo to twelve feet in depth, sunk perpendicularly though similar strata to those just described. The corundum is throv..n out, cleared, and separated by the miners into four classes, viz. the red, the white, the scraps of both, and the refuse. The three first form the article of commerce.
The corundum of 13attagaminana is frequently found in large six-sided prisms, is connnonly of a brown colour, whence it is called by the natives Curundu galle, cinnamon stone ; occasionally it is to be met with partially or entirely coverol with a black crust, and is merely the stone with an unusual proportion of iron.
Corundum is found about eight miles S. from Sahapur, in the Singraula territory, alxmt 120 miles from Mirzapore. It is found in masses as large as a man's head, ou a ridge.
Common corundum occure, like the sapphire and ruby, commonly in the secondary form of six-sided, prisms, but usually much larger. It is sometiines nearly colourles.s, and rather trans lucent ; it presents great variety, greyish, occasion ally brown or red, rarely blue. It occtirs also in acute and obtuse double six-sided pyramids.
Corundum pebbles aro found in the gem-sand of Ava river.
Prismatic corundum, or chrysoberyl, is found among the Torn hills near Itajmahal, on the Bums iu irregular rolled pieces, small, and gene rally of a light green colour ; these stones arc con sidered by the natives as emeralds, and pass under the name of puuna, but they are aware that they aro softer than the real etnerald.—Dana, Evl. eye. ; Edward Balfour, Report for 1856 on the Government Central Madras ; M. E. Jilr. Rep. ; Dr. illason ; Captain Newbold ; Gen. Med. Top. of Afinir ; Jameso», Ed. Journ. ii. 1820, p. 305.