llindustan.—Gold is obtained in the sands of the Gurnti river, at the Gandak and Ningti, also those of the Raniganga and ita tributaries the Koh and the Philo..
In Assam, at Heerakhond, diamonds occur. Tavernier tells us (Tr. p. 156) that in his time gold conies from the kingdom of Tipra, but it is coarse, almost as bad as that of China.' Gold dust is washed for in the Tezpore district. The value of the gold on the spot is Rs. 16 the tola of 180 grains. At the junction of the Dohiri stream with that of the Bmlunaputra, about 375 oz. are I said to be collected annually. The Brahmaputra I was followed from Suddya to Pagliat Gold-dust Ivas found along the banks of the stream, particu larly at angles or reaches where the alluvial matter is re-deposited.
Burma.—From Assam southwards, and into the Eastern Archipelago, gold is washed for by the Burmese, Malays, and Chinese. Mr. Oldham says, The geological structure of the greater portion of the Malay Peninsula, extending to Arakan north wards, so far as is at present known, indicates the probability of auriferous deposits being found throughout the whole extent, on the flanks of the central ranges of high ground. The ascertained existence of gold in more localities than one in the Tenasserim l'rovinces, at Shoay-gween in Pegu, and the association in all these localities of magnetic iron-sand with the gold, a mineral which is so constantly the accompaniment of gold as to have been frequently called by miners " the mother of gold," confirm this reasoning from analogy ; and I have little hesitation in stating my conviction that such auriferous deposits will be found to occur at intervals throughout the whole range, and that locally they will prove to be very rich.' This metal is largely used by the Burmese in tho decorative arts ; and in former years 400 or 500 viss were annually imported from China. But in the 3fo-goung district there is a considemble gold-field. 3fr. Golding, of Australian experience, contracted with the king to work one square mile of this field for a sum of Rs. 25,000 annually for 10 years, but Mr. Golding succumbed to fever ; he, however; pronounced the fields to be equal to any in Australia, if not better. To the N.H. of Aran dalay, in the Shan district, there is another field of gold ; but the locality is malarious, and but little gold is procured. At Thayet-pein-yua, near the Ifyit-Nyay, on the road to Pyoung-shoo, to the S.E. of Mandalay, the gold quartz is found in abundance, the reefs cropping up from the ground. A Shan procured from hero a piece of quartz 3 lbs. in weight, that produced exactly 2f tikals of gold. In the Yaw district, to the S.W. of Man dalay, gold is obtained in fair quantities in the alluvial deposits; it exists at Sagaing, Kannee, Sein-joo ; is also obtained from tho Kyen-dwen river, also from the sands of most of the streams between Mandalay and Mogoung, and in the sands of the streams in the vicinity of the coal mines of Thinga-dhau. The washings in Burma are principally amongst the streams to the east ward of the Irawadi, though those to the west also yield it. The Kibiung stream is one in which
it is thus sought. Gold-duat is found in the Ilukong valley, and small solid nuggeta of it in tho banks of the Kap-Dhoop atream; and along with the gold, khumpok or platina, which the metal-smelters melt and mix with alloys of copper and silver, for bowls, tobacco-pipes, etc. Gold washers near the coal mines of Native Burma can, it is said, earn 303 yucy = 3s. per diem. The dust is deposited by the Nars rivers, at the mouth of the Afartaban stream, a tributary of the Shoay-gween river. The gold-dust and flakes and nuggets found in the surface sands of Shoay-gween are of con siderable purity, yielding 92 per cent. of gold and 8 per cent. of silver.
11Ialay Peninsula and Eastern Archipelago.—The metal is found in sufficient abundance to be worked, in the Malay Peninsula, in Sumatm, the northern, western, and southern sides of Borneo, the north ern and south-western peninsulas of Celebes, and in a few parts of the great Philippine islands of Luzon and Mindano or 3fagindanao. It has beer, coined for money at Acheen. Mr. Crawfurd (vol. xiv. p. 483) gives a table showing the amount received in Calcutta, from 1801 to 1814, from the west coast of Sumatra, and from Borneo and tho rest of the Archipelago a total of 146,195 ounces, valued at 1.621,328, As. Mr. Logan estimated the total produce of all the Afalay Peninsula at 20,000 ounces ; it is washed from the sands of the Tenasserim on tho south, and the streams that tnmble from the high granite mountains between Yay and 3fonmagon are constantly rolling down their golden sand' into the valleys around. It has been collected in small quantities in the tin de posits east of Tavoy. Mr. O'Riley found gold in the tin from Henzai, half a degree south of Yay ; and almost all the creeks,' says Dr. Helfer, coming from the eastern or Siamese sido of the Tcnasserim river, contain gold. The greatest quantity is obtained close to the old town of Tenasserim, where people wash it, and obtain sometimes one anna's weight each, during tho rainy season.' At the head-waters of Tavoy river it is found in an alluvial or diluvial formation of red earth and pebbles, very similar to that in which gold is found in North Carolina. 3fr. O'Riley says that the assay master at the Mint in Calcutta, in 100 parts reported gold 87.895, silver 9.244, base metal 2.864. In tho .Afalay Peninsula, gold is chiefly got at Ulu Pahang, Tringanu, Kalantan, Johole, Gominchi, and J ellye, at Reccan said Rattan Moring, and other places, at the foot of Mount Ophir ; and in Nanning, near the hill Buket Jala tang. Ophir mountain is about 40 miles east of Malacca; its height is calculated at 5693 feet.. Gold-dust is found at Taon and Gominchil near its base, which at an early period gave it the name Ophir and later on sweated it as the source of olonion's wealth, tho Armen Cher sonesus of antiquity. It occun3 there dissemi nated and in thin granular veins, in quartz and in alluvial deposits, such as beds of streams. Gold is found m Perak at depths of 30 to 40 feet below the surface.