GOVERNOR, the official designation in British India of the Presideut in Council of the Govern rnents of Madras, of Bombay, of Ceylon, and of the Straits Settlements, all of whom rule with a council for administra.tion and legislation. The rulers of Bengal and the Panjab are Lieutenant-Governors. Governor-General is the official designation of the chief ruler of British India. These have been in succession,-1Varren Hastings, Sir John Macpherson Earl Cornwallis, Sir John Shore, Sir Alured dlarke, Marquis of Wellesley, Marquis Cornwallis, Sir George Barlow, the Earl of Minto, Marquis of Hastings, Mr. John Adams, the Earl of Amherst, 3Ir. Butterworth Bayley, Lord William Bentinck, Sir Charles 3let calfe, the Earl of Auckland, the Earl of Ellen borough, whom the Court of Directors recalled, Lord Ilardinge, Marquis of Dalhousie, Earl Canning, the Earl of Elgin, Sir Robert Napier, Sir William Denison, Sir John Laurence, the Earl of Mayo, Lord Napier and Ettrick, Lord Northbrook, who resigned, Lord Lytton (1877), who resigned 1880, and Lord Ripon. Governors General have been Viceroy and Governor.General since Earl Canning, 1st Nov. 1858, and have under them 2 Goventors, of Madras and Bombay ; 3 Lieu teuant-Governors, of Bengal, N.W. Provinces or Agra, and the Panjab and its dependencies ; 5 Chief Commissioners, Oudh, Central Provinces, Burma, Sind, Hyderabad, Assigned Territories ; as also 2 Residents, of Hyderabad and Nepal ; 2 Agents to Governor-General, for Ilajputana and Indore. Every order is issued in the name of
the Governor-General in Council, but Lord Can ning rearranged the Council into the form of a cabinet, with hituself as president.
The Act for the Better Government of India (1858) enacts that India shall be governed by and in the name of the Queen of England, through one of her principal Seeretaries of State, assisted by a Council of fifteen members. By the Indian Councils Act (1861), the Governor General's Council, and also the Councils of Madras and Bombay, were augmented by the addition of non-official members, either natives or Europeans, for legislative purposes only ; and by another Act passed in the satne year, High Courts of Judi cature were constituted out of the old Supreme Courts at the presidency towns.
A Governor-General' also rules the Portuguese Possessions of India ; another Governor-General rules the Dutch East Indies, known as the Nether land Possessions in India ; the Spanish East Indies in the Philippines have another Governor-General ; and the French Possessions in India have a GovErnor.—Imp. Gaz. iv.