GRANGEA MADERASPATANA. Poir.
Gr. Adansonia, Cass. I Artemisia maderas., Wilk& Namnti, . . . ;BENG. I Mashiputri, . . . TAM, Nelam pata,. . INIALEAL. Mustaru, . . . . TEL.
Grows in Bengal and peninsular India ; its leaves are used in inedicine.—Wight's Icones. GRANTIIA means book. Adi Gmnt'h, first book, is a name given to the first religious book of the Sikh religionists, to distinguish it from the Dasama Padshali-ha-Grant'h, or Book of the Tenth King, composed by Guru Govind.
G It AP ES.
Aaah, ARAM. Augur, . . . . PERS. Pii.t'au, . . . CI! IN. 11%118, Pour.
Raisins, FR. DIRCIIR, SANHK.,TAM.,TEL.
Tranben, . . . GEL Ubas; Itacimos, . . SP.
Darakb, Dakl, . HIND. Kodimundri pallam, TAm. Grappi ; Orappoli, . IT. Uzum, . . . . TURK. Uwe, . . . . . LAT.
Grapes the fruit of the vine, are grown in most part's of British India and in China. There are inany species of the genus Vitis, but the V. vinifera is the only one known as the grape vine. V. Indica, the Amclouka of the Indian Peninsula, Beng,al, and Himalaya, produces beautiful clusters of round purple berries, and a large grape which is very fair eating ; and the common vine of Europe is probably from this plant. The wild grapes of Isaiah v. 2 are a species of Solanum.
The vine seems to have been known in China from the earliest times, but varieties appear to have been re-introduced from Farghana, Ladakh, and other western countries. The wild V. Amurensis, Ruppins of the Amur, has been supposed to be identical' with the cultivated plant. Quantities of r,rapes are grown in Peh-chi-li and Shan-si pro vinces, green grapes in Sze-chuen and Foh-kien, and a very excellent sultana raisin in Tien-tsin.
Grapes dried before being ripe, and pounded, are used in KRbul as a pickle. In the Panjab several varieties of grapes are recognised,—Kan dahari, a purple grape ; Kishmishi, a small seed less grape, producing what are called in England sultana raisins,—these are of the varieties called Sahibi surkh and Sahibi ablak ; Khatan grapes produce the large common raisin:3, called munakka; Fakhri, sometimes called Askari, a black grape ; Munakka and Abjosh munakka are grapes dried in the sun ; Rids baba ; a white grape, with some spots on the skin, which are said to resemble a cow's eye, hence its name ; pious Hindus refuse to eat this grape on that account ; Karghani (white), called from the name of a place ; Angur Jalalabadi, called also Khatta angur, grown at Charbagh, a few miles from Jalalabad ; Charangur, grown also at Jalalabad.
The common sorts of grapes are Roclia-i-surkli and Rocha - i - safed, also 'foram Green grapes sold in the plains in the winter time, are the Hosaini or Shaikh kalli varieties ; they are of large size, pale green colour, and of delic.ate flavour. They are picked before being quite ripe, and packed between layers of cotton wool, in round boxes made of white poplar wood, and tied up with a string of goat's hair ; these are exported in thousands and called Augur khatti. There is yet anoth'er, the Akta grape, which produces bloom raisins, called Dagli, or more properly Kishmish-i-daglii, which are prepared by dipping the ripe bunches of fruit into a boiling solution of quicklime and potash (hence called Abjosh, lit. infused in water) before drying in the shade.
In the Indian Peninsula there are several varieties, but the common leek-green is the most esteemed, though many persons like the Ilabshi grape. In the arid regions of Ilajputana, where they depend entirely on the heavens for water, and where they calculate on a famine every seventh year, nothing that ean administer to the wants of man is lost. The seeds of the wild grapes, as the bhoorut, buroo, herraro, sewun, are collected, and, mixed with bajra flour, enter much into the food of the poorer classes. They also store up great quantities of the wild ber, khyr, and kliaril berries ; and the long pods of the karjra, astringent and bitter as they are, are dried and formed into a flour.