GUNONG API. MALAY. Literally, fire mountain. There are three volcanoes in the Eastern Archi pelago of this name,-one within the circle of the Banda Islands, which is a conical active volcano 2300 feet high. Another is north of IVetta ; and the third is near the W. end of Sumbawa, at the northern entrance to the Supi Strait. Gunong Api, north of Wetta, rises six or seven thousand feet above the sea. It is an uninhabited volcano, and is a great landmark for ships trading with China, who pass up the Ombay passage and come down the Flores Sea. Nila is an active volcano 1700 feet high, in the E. Archipelago. It is E. of the Gunong Api that lies north of 1Vetta. In 1694 a great eruption occurred, part of the crater fell in, the whole island was a sea of lava, and tho people fled to Banda ; and a similar eruption °conned in September 1824, when all simiku.ly fled.
Gunong Api of the Banda group is called by the French the grenade of Banda. It is a single island or cone of volcanic matter rising from a rocky base, and separated from Great Banda by a narrow channel. Since the Banda Islands were discovered, there have been at least 13 great eruptions of this volcano. That of 1820 was very severe ; and another occurred in 1824. The strongest eruptions Avere in the following years : -1598, 1615, 1632, 1691, 1711, 1749, 1798, 1820. That of 1691 was a terrible one. The most fatal earthquakes took place in 1629, 1683, 1686, 1743, and 1816. Its height is about 2000 feet. It is covered with magnificent vegetation, commencing at the line where the waves cease to beat, and continuing upwards to the point where the lava ceases to flow, being cooled by the air. This volcano is the curse of the group. The nutmeg is not cultivated, and the island is occupied by a few emigrants from Timor.
Gunong Bernum is a lofty mountain 100 miles north of the Lulumut group of the Malay Peninsula. The upper part of the rivers and many of their feeders are occupied by five tribes of aborigines, viz. the Udai or Semang, who appear to be the same people who are known to the Binua of Johore under the name of Orang Pago, are found on the Segamet, Palungan, and Kapi, tributaries of the Muar, and in the vicinity of Gunong Ledang. The Udai or Semang have not any
other weapons than the sumpitan. This is the most savage of the aboriginal tribes that roam the mountains and forests in the centre of the Malay Peninsula, and upon the -borders of the Malacca territory.
The Takun partially frequent the same territory, the lower part of Palungan Gappam, etc., and extend N. and N.W. within the British boundaries. They are found at Tidong, Ayer Chirmin, Ayer Itam, Darat Yassin, Ulu Kissang, and %kit Singer.
The Mingra, the largest tribe, dwell around Gunong Bermun and the adjacent mountains. G. Rissam, Licha, Singwang, Kamuning, Kap' Libet, and G. Garun possess the higher part of both the western and eastern streams.
The Sakai succeed to them in the interior fre quenting the neighbourhood of Camong On the N.IV. the Mintira march with the Besisi, one of the most numerous tribes, who occupy all the streams flowing in that direction from Gunong Bermun and the mountains lyiug to the southward of it.
These five tribes (as well as those inhabiting all the interior of the Peninsula to the north) are sometimes by the Malays called °rang Binua.
Another group are the Bermun tribes, so called from the circumstance of most of the streams on which they are found rising in the Bermun mountain system, receiving accessories from it, or joining rivers which have their source in its ravines.
Gunong Bedong, in the Natunas Islands in the China Seas, in lat. 4° 3' N., also called Quoin Hill. Another mountain in the Natunas is called Gunong Ranay.
Gunong Gedeh, or the Blue Mountains, 0, high range iu Java, about 30 miles inland from Batavia. Pangeango rises 9954 feet, Salak 7322 feet, and Kanrang 6014 feet above the sea.
Gunong Gedung, about 7000 feet high, is about 30 miles E. by N. N. from Malacca, and is also called Queen's Mount, also Mount Ophir.
Gunong Gerai, also called Quedah Peak, is the highest hill on the Quedah main. Its summit is estimated at 5000 feet above the level of the sea.
Gunong Mar-opi, sulphureous mountain in Java, 2000 feet high.—Bilcniore; Horsburgh.