RIND.
71119 natives of India prepare a lap or grindstone composed of shell-lac as its basis, and corundum lex powder or other hard mineral as the grinding material. In Coimbatorc, persons of the barber caste are the manufacturers of these. The stone being pounded and reduced to the form of fine grained gunpowder, is heated in an earthen pot (chatty). The lac is then added, and the two stirred together until the mass is of the consistence I of dough, when it is turned out, and beat and kneaded into the required shape. Not using a mould, the operation is tedious, aud the finished article, when completed, not by any means of first rate excellence. The piincipal objection to them seems to be the extreme hardness, which renders them less effective than if the lae, by a small admixture of a softer substance, were rendered somewhat more yielding. As made there, it is a rather rude though durable machine. At the Hunsur farm, where pearl barley was prepared, English grindstones for making it required fre quent renewal, but a lap of this description had been in use five years. The stone used in Coim batore is powdered coarse garnet sand, found in the beds of the neighbouring hill streams. The corundum stones met with for sale in the bazars are usually small, generally more rounded and water-worn on the edges, as if collected in the beds of mountain streams, from among the pebbles they bring down.
Coarse grindstones are found at Verclachellum in S. Arcot, Triputty, and Ootramaloor in Chingle put, Kurse Mungalum near Vellore, Woontimetta and Chellumaeoor in the Cuddapah district, and Podelay and Woodingherry in Nellore. Hard gritty kinds, like the bhurrstone of France, occur in the Pedda Red apully Taluk of Nellore, and near Ghooty. Some of the sandstones of the Guntur, Bellary, Madura, and Mysore districts are very similar to those used as grindstones and flour-mill stones in Europe. Good dry whetstones are those of Nuggur, Matoor hill in Guntur, Triputty, Arnee, and Needa cheria in Bellary. Fine-gramed sandstones of a sharp cutting quality occur at Gootemokoda and Dyda in Guntur, at Chellnmacoor and Chetty warreepully in Cuddapah, and in the Pedelay Taluk and Woodingherry Hill in Nellore. A stone resembling the .A.yrstone or snakestone oecurs at Koopookouda, eight miles west of Vinaeondah in Guntur. Good substitutes for Turkey stone occur at Cuddapah, Woontimetta, Ohellumacoor, and Humpsagur ; and varieties of green and grey granular felspar at Seringapatam, Nellore, and on the banks of the Godavery. The latter are well
suited for putting a fine edge on razors and gravers. Hones, silicious and slaty limestones of every quality, accompany the extensive beds of litho graphic marble near Kurnool, Guntur, Bellary, Datehapilly, and Gooty.
Grinding of grain in India is still done by the hand-mill, as in Isaiah xlvii. 1, 2, Matthew xxiv. 41. GRISLEA TOMENTOSA.. Roxb.
Lythrum fruticosum, L. ; Woodfordia floribunda, S. Dha.e,Dhub,Dhangs 'BENG. Agni-j . . SANSK. Dhaiti, Dhauen, BOMBAY. Dhatri-pooshpika, . Chota dhaon, . . HIND. Dhataki-kusumamu, TEL.
Dhai, Dhau, Dhawa, Gadda-pisinka, . . Tawi, Gul-dhawi, . Gaji,Godari, . . . Gul-bahar, . . . Rayyi pappu jaji, .
Jave, . . PUSIITU. Jateko, . . .
This very beautiful flowering plant is a shrub or small tree, and is found in the islanda of the Indian Ocean, in China, and in every part of the continent of India, especially in the jungly tra,cts at the foot of its several ranges of tnountains. grows in the N.W. Himalaya up to 4000 feet, is e,ommon in exposed places in the NIaturatte and 00V8. districts of Ceylon up to au elevation of 4000 feet, and is very common in the Pronto district. Its bright red calyx retains its colour till the seeds aro ripe, gives the whole plant a very showy appearance, and points it out to the collec tors of its flowers, which form an article of commerce, and are used for a red dye. In the bazars of Bengal they are found in a dry state, tinder the name of Datoke. Sheep-skins steeped in an infusion of the dried leaves take on a fine red, of which native slippers are made. The dried flowers are employed in N. India, under the name of Dhauri, in dyeing with morinda bark. In Kandesh the flowers form a considerable article of connueree, inland, a.s a clye. It grows abundantly in the hilly tracts of the N. Cirears. Its gum, c'alled Dhaura or Dhau-ka-gond, is brought from Mewar and Harowtee, and is abundant, white in colour ; and, like the katira and tragacanth gum, swells in water. In cloth-dyeing it is applied to those parts that the dye is not wished t,o touch. It is eaten in Luddoo ; oue maund costs ten rupees. Its wood is used for fuel, and by liquor distillers for ferment ing liquor ; its leaves are used in infusion as tea. Irvine ; 41PCI. ; Stewart ; Cleg.; 7'inv. Zeyl.