The Safi occupy Dam Nur, Dara Mazar, Dara Pech, and the valleys opening on the Khonar river, and in a district called Surkh Khambar, south of Bajawar. In Baber's time they were Kafirs. They were expelled by the Ghilzae from the lands to the south of Taghow, and between Kabul and Jalalabad. Nadir Shah cultivated a friendship with them.
South of the Safi, at Bahi, the first march from Goshter, on the Jalalabad river towards Bajawar, are a people called Yeghani, who consider them selves Afghans, but are probably converted Kafir, for they speak a dialect which no Afghan can understand.
The Buruki race, who claim to be of Arab origin, occupy Logur and Bntkak, in the Ghilzae portion of the Afghan country, and are said to have been settled there, south of the Kabul river, by the Sultan Mahmud in the 11th century. Their number is about 8000 families, but they arrange themselves into tribes with chiefs. They are good soldiers. • The Jaji tribe dwell in the valleys of the liariab and its tributaries. They have about 700 or 800 families. They are much at feud with one another ; each house is separate, and in the form of a square. They form a circle for their wild war-dance.
The Mehrani tribe inhabit the slopes of the Taklit-i-Sulimait next to the Shirani ; they are great marauders.
The Kakar inhabit the extreme S.E. corner of Afghanistan. They claim to be descended from a man named Sharif - ud - Din, whom Mallomecl converted and gave the name of Abdur Rashid, with the title of Prat Khan. He is said to have had five sons,—Shirani, Tarin, Miuni, Barechi, and Umar-ud-Din, all founders of clans. From the extreme antiquity of the Kakar clan it has branched largely, and the Arabi Khel or race of .Mulla, the Taeinuni of Ghor, the Firoz Kohi Ilaz.am, the Kayani tribe of Seistan, the Utman Kite), and the Gakar, all claim connection with them. The Kayani tribe are commonly called Bahia, but they acknowledge themselves and are recognised descendants from the Saugor Khel Kakars. They are scattered all over Afghanistan ; a branch is in Kashmir on the banks of the Jhelum, and the asafcetida trade of Herat is in their hands. They number 14,000 to 20,000 fighting men, viz. : Jalazai, 2000 Kahizai, . . . . 1000 Musa Khel, . . 3000 Hamzazai, . . . . 1100
Kadizai, . . . 2000 Shahozai, Alizai, and Unman Khel, . . 200 Tenizai, . . . . 900 Abdulazai, . . . 2000 Khidarzai and others, 200 The Kakar country in the headwaters of the Lora is wild and inaccessible. It forms a square of about 180 miles between the Atehakzai country, the Spin Tarin, the Stillman range, and Baluch istan. But Kakars named Casia occupy in part the valley of Shah The Punni clan, in Sewi and Sewistan, is Kakar.
The Jalazai section number only about 110 fighting men. The Alizai clan is agricultural and pastoral, and are said to number 10,000 fighting men. They are peaceably inclined, and every winter large numbers come to Dehra Ghazi Khan to labour as wood and grass cutters and road makers.
The Musa Khel branch are in the hills beyond the Baluch, to the west of Debra Ghazi Khan district and the Kala Roh range, three or four days' journey from Mangrota or Vihowa. Their sections are Bald, Umas, and Lahar. They could assemble 3000 fighting men.
The Shahozai, said to be an offshoot of the Kakars, number 200 fighting men.
The Bar Namai Kakar are about twenty miles south-west of Meklitar, and the Khojah are an offshoot from them.
Among the widely-distributed Kakar race there are many differences in manners and in personal appearance. At the time of Mahmud of Ghazni, a warlike tribe of Ghakkar, Gukkar or Kahkar were in the Salt Range or Jhow mountains be tween the Indus and Behut (Hydaspes), and at an early period of their history they would seem to have been given to infanticide. They are sup posed to be the descendants of the mountaineers whose chief, Ambisaces, sent ambassadors with presents to Alexander. Baber writes the name Guker, but it is also written Ghtika and Kliaka.
The Khostwal is a Pathan tribe occupying the valley of Khost in Afghanistan, for 40 miles along the Shwa or Klieti river. Their five divisions or lad are the Ismail, Matun, Manduzai, Shama!, and Lakan, and they number 6000 to 8000 souls.
The Abdul Rahman Khel, of Khost, inhabit the Matun district of that valley, also, therefore, called Matuni. They are a branch of the Karani clan, and are also Mamuri. They number about 1000 fighting men, and are mostly agricultural.