The loss in the Hindu and Buddhist population was 864,343 souls in 4,820,688, or at the rate of 18 per cent. on the population of 1871.
The Muhammadan loss was 8517 in 208,991, being at the rate of 4 per cent. ; but Christians increased 3573 upon 2566.
The Mysore people recognise 101 castes in their country, but in the census of 1871 the enumerators returned 413. The more important are as under: Leder, . . . . 171,269 Lingaet, , . . 80,821 1 tralimans, . . 162,652 Madigaru, . 174,824 Eud (Mists, . . . . 9 Muhanimadans, . 200,484 Christians, . . 29,249 Rajputs, . . . 13,251 lialu Kurubaru, 225,282 Reddi, . . . . 54,593 Hindus, others, 3,780,433 Parsecs, 47 Holar, . . . 447,421 Sikhs, 41 Jain, . . . . 10,760 Sivachar, Gan Jew, 1 daru, . . 259,110 Komati, . . . 25,985 Wakkali, . . . 695,215 The Banajiga (29,866), Idiga Nagarta (4888), and Tiglar, market gardeners (28,780), are also named. The Idiga in Coorg collect the palm wine.
In 1871 the principal tribes were named as under : Brahman, . . 169,637 Lumbana, . . . 33,000 Kshatriya, Rajputs, 67,358 Parsee, 43 Wakkaliga, . . 1,191,000 Muhammadans, . 208,991 Kuruba, . . 371,000 Buddhists, JaMs, 13,263 liaidara, . . . 262,000 Christians, . . 25,676 Korawa. . . 36,600 There have been many immigrants from sur rounding nations, as the languages current in 1881 wil I show, but the countryis essentially Canarese : Hindustani, . . 231,450 Konkani, . . . . 4,370 Telugu, . . . 637,230 Coorgi, 21 hlahrati, . . . 67,871 Persian, 118 Tamil, . . . . 130,569 Arabic, 40 Cujerati, . . . . 1,181 Pushtu, 87 Canarese, . . . 3,095,647 English, . . . . 8,148 Malealam, . . . . 332 Sindi, 17 Tulu, 8,941 Other ten tongues,. . 30 Many of the 3fuhammadans are descendants of immigrants, and others are of Hindu origin. During the reigns of Hyder All and of his son Tipn Sultan, numbers of Hindus were forcibly converted to Muhammadanism.
The Labbai are commercial. Colonel 1Vilks says that in the 8th century, during the ad ministration of a cruel governor of Irak, Ilajaj Bin Yusuf, members of the house of Ilusain abandoned their native country, and settled in the Konkan and to the east of Cape Comorin, and were the ancestors of the Labbai. See Labek.
The social customs of many of the Hinduized and aboriginal tribes differ from those of other parts of India.
Brahmans.-Among the Smartta and Madhava the mother will not eat anything cooked by her daughter until the birth of her daughter's first child as she only then becomes ceremonially pure. The Sanketa or Sanketi Brahmans of Mysore are an offshoot from a Smartta colony in the Madura district, and speak a corrupt Tamil. Their women tie their saree cloth tight round the body.
The lVakkali or Wakkaliga is the great agri cultural body throughout the Canarese-speaking districts. Their number in Mysore is 695 215. There are eight sections,-Nonaba, Gangadikara, Maliya, Morass, Lalgunda, Reddi, Kamme, Kun chatiga, and Nadavar. They eat together, but
only marry in their own respective clans. Some of the women of the Morasa section of the Akaliya had to sacrifice a finger of their right hand previously to piercing the ears of the eldest daughter, preparatory to her betrothal. Placing the finger on a block, the blacksmith with a chisel and hammer strikes it off at a single blow. If the girl to be betrothed be motherless, and the mother of the boy to whom she is to be betrothed have not before undergone the amputa tion, she has now to permit the sacrifice. See Wakalu.
The Holar or Holiyar is the great servile race of all the Canarese - speaking countries, taking the place of the Mahratta Mhar, the Hyderabad Dher, the Teling Mala, and Tamil Parayan.
The Kulawadi, village policeman, beadle, hench man of the headman of the village, boundary commissioner, is invariably a Holiyar. The Holiyar are farm labourers, watch the herds, and one of their number is generally priest of the village goddess. Every village has its Holigeri or Holiyar's quarter outside the village boundary hedge, and they object to and prevent Brahmans through their hamlet. If attempted, they turn out in a body, slipper him, in former times even to death. Other castes may approach to the door, but must not enter. If by chance a person do get in, the owner tears the unwelcome intruder's cloth, ties up some salt in a corner of it, and then turns him out. This is supposed to avert any evil which his presence might have brought on the owner of the house. At Melkot, the chief locality of the followers of Ramanuja, and at Beleru, where there is also a deity wor shipped by Brahmans, the Holiyar have the right of entering the temples on three appointed days of the year. At Melkot they have the privilege of dragging the car. Captain Mackenzie mentions that all castes in the village recognise the Kula wadi as the rightful owner of the village. If a question be raised as to the village boundary, the Kulawadi is the only one competent to take oath as to bow the boundary ought to run. The old custom was for the Kulawadi to place on his head a ball of earth, with some water in the centre, and to march the boundary. If he march wrongly, the ball falls to pieces, the Kulawadi dies in fifteen days, and his house becomes a ruin. On a death occurring, the Kulawadi receives a fee from the family, who thus buy from him the ground for the dead.' The fee is called Nela-Haga (in Carnatica, Nela, earth, and Haga, a coin worth one anna two pie). The Kulawadi, however, is not supreme ; he again pays annually one fowl, one liana (4 annas 8 pie), and a handful of rice to the agent of the Sudagidu Sidda (or lord of the burning grounds), who resides in the Baba Booden Hills, and appoints agents for the tracts of country to collect his dues.