Savu Island, one of the Sunda group, is on the south of Flores. Mr. Wallace says (ii. p. 277) that Savu and Rota have a handsome race with good features, distinct from the Timorese or Papuans, and whom he classes with the Malays of the western islands of the Archipelago.
The Negroid tribes of the S.E. of Asia have been variedly classed by Lesson, Macgillivray, Earl, Logan, Bikmore, and Wallace. There are two distinct varieties amongst them,— a diminutive statured, who have been styled Negrito, with a larger, even stalwart people, who are equally black, but called by the Malay term Papua, from their curly woolly hair, which, how ever, is a characteristic alike of Negrito and Papua. Also on the coasts of the more westerly islands, and on those of the islands to the eastward, Malay and Polynesian tribes have settled, and inter married with the Negrito and Papua, and their descendants appear in modified forms of the two aboriginal races. The pure but less martial Negrito have taken refuge in the moun tain fastnesses of their islands. Also Peschel arranged the Papuan race into an Australian and an Asiatic group, comprising in the latter the Alfur, Mincopi, Negrito, and Semang, but there is no marked difference between these.• The Andaman islanders, called Mincopi, are decided Negrito, as also are the Semang and Bilo of the Malacca States of Quedah, Perak, and Kalantan ; and there was said to be a tribe in the neighbour hood of the Timboro mountain in Sumbawa. The known tribes of the Mincopi are said to be the Akakol, Arokojuwai, Balawa, Bogijiab, Bojin gijida, Jarawa, and Yerewa, speaking different languages.
In a N.W. direction from New Guinea, the Papuan race extends through the Moluccas to the Philippines, but in those islands they only appear in small and scattered tribes, occupants of the mountain fastnesses. From New Guinea to Timor, again, the small islands, with the exception of the Aru, are occupied by a race whom Earl designated Malaya-Polynesians • but at Timor, especially- near the N.E. end, a 'Papuan race re appears, though not, in his opinion, in a pure state. Some on the island of Flores or Mangarai assume a more decided Papuan character. Mr. A. R. Wallace (ii. p. 104) describes the Papuan face as compressed and projecting, brow protuberant and overhanging, mouth large and prominent, the nose very large, the apex elongated downwards, the ridge thick, and the nostrils large,—the nose is an obtrusive feature, the beard is twisted, and the hair of the head is frizzly. In mental and moral characteristics the Papuans differ remarkably from the Malay races. They are much more impulsive, and do not conceal their emotions and passions. They are inquisitive, talk much and loudly, and laugh boisterously, reminding one of the Negro character as much-as of the Negro form and aspect.
Gilolo or Halmahera is one of the Molucca islands. Its north end is in about lat. 2° 23' N. It lies between lat. 0° 50' S. and 3° 10' N., and is in length 220 miles. Like Celebes, it consists of four peninsulas, separated from each other by a deep bay. Its area is 6500 square miles. Tidore, which was discovered by Magellan, and taken into the possession of the Portuguese in 1527, and by the Dutch in 1607, as also Ternate Island, are on the west coast of Gilolo. Gilolo has
a long mountainous coast ; high bold land, with three remarkable peaks. The Negro indigenes called Allure live in the north of the island. They are an industrious and enterprising race, cultivating rice and vegetables, and indefatigable in their search after game, fish, trepang, pearls, and tortoise-shell. They are radically distinct from all the Malay race. Their stature, their features, as well as their dispositions and habits, are almost the same as those of the Papuan. Their hair is semi - Papuan, neither straight, smooth, and glossy like all true Malays, nor so frizzly and woolly as the perfect Papuan type, but always crisp, waved, and rough, such as often occurs among the true Papuans, but never among the Malays. Their colour alone is often exactly that of the Malay, or even lighter. Of course there has been intermixture, and individuals are seen whom it is difficult to classify, but in most cases the large somewhat aquiline nose with elongated apex, the tall stature, the waved hair, bearded face, and hairy body, as well as the less reserved manner and louder voice, unmistakingly proclaim the Papuan type. Here • is the exact boundary between the Malay and Papuan race. It is only in the Northern Peninsula that these Papuan indigenes exist, the whole of the rest of the island, with Batchian and the other islands westward, being exclusively inhabited by Malay tribes like those of Ternate and Tidore. This would seem to indicate that the Alfuro are a comparatively recent immigration, and that they have come from the north or east, perhaps from some of the islands of the Pacific, though it is difficult to understand why so many fertile islands should possess no indigenes. It has, indeed, been stated that Obi, Batchian, and the three Southern Peninsulas of Gilolo possess no true indigenous population. The Galela race are natives of a dis trict in the extreme north of Gilolo, but they are great wanderers over the Archipelago. They are a very fine race, remarkably energetic and in dustrious, of light complexion, tall and with Papuan features, coming near to the drawings and descriptions of the true Polynesians of Tahiti and Owyhee. They build large and roomy prahus, with outriggers, and settle on any coast or island they take a fancy for. They catch turtle and tre pang, hunt deer and wild pigs, and dry the meat, and cut down the forest and plant rice or maize. The Tebello tribe is similarly described. Bik more, however, states, seemingly erroneously, that the Alfuro are strictly of the Malay type, and have not the dark skin and frizzly hair of the Alfuro of Ceram and Buru, though representatives of that people may exist in Gilolo. The population of Gilolo is supposed to be 75,000 ; all but 5000 of them are under the sultan of Ternate. It has been suggested that the Alfuro seem to have affinities with the Tagala race of the Philippines, through the Sangir islanders.