xvii. Karen dialects, viz. Skau, Bghai, Karenni, Pwo, Taru, Mop - gha, Kay or Gaikho, Toung-thu, Lisan.
xviii. Gyarung, Takpa, 3Ianyak, Thochu, and Horpa.
xix. Khasi.
xx. Tai, Thai or Siamese, Lao, Shah, Ahom, Khamti, Aiton, Tao-Mow or Chinese Shan.
xxi. Mon - Lam, Mon, Kambojan, Anamese, and Palming.
The classifications of Dr. Hunter and Mr. Brandreth were restricted to the non - Aryan tongues. Our present acquaintance with the lanouages and dialects of British India, west of the Bayof Bengal, permits their classification as follows :— Gaura or Sanskiitoid, viz. :— Bengali— h. Kashmiri.
a. Tirhuti or Mathala or i. Nepal court language.
Maithili. j. Sincli.
b. Assamese proper. /c. Tharreli.
Hindi— 1. Takkarani ji Boli.
a. Hindustani or Urdu. an. Haraoti.
b. Brij Bhasha. , n. Mairwari.
e. Rangri Bhasha. Gujerati d. Bhojpuri. a. Kachi.
e. Panjabi. Mahrati f. Multani. a. Konkani.
g. Jataki. Uriya.
Dravida, viz. :— a. Cultivated.
Tamil or Dravida proper. Malealam: Telugu or Telinga. Tulu.
Karnata, Kannadi, or Kodaga of Coorg.
Canarese. Singhalese.
b. Uncultivated.
Peninsula of India. Central India.
Toda. Bhuiya.
Kotah. Bhuiher.
Gond. Binjhia or Binjwar.
Kond, Kandh, or Ku. Kaur, or Kaurai, or Kau Irular. rava, or Raj Kaur.
Yenadi. Koch'h.
Korava. Mal.
Kurumbar. Male, Paharia, or Rajma Veddah. hall. Orson. Rautia.
Kolarian Tribes Asur or Agariah. Kawar.
Bhil. Kharriah or Delki.
Bhilalah. Kharwar or Khyrwar.
Bhui. Khan, or Nageswar, or Bhuiher. Naksia.
Bhumia. Kol.
Bhumij of Manbhum. Kora.
Bhunjia. Korwa of Sirguja.
Binjwar. Kur, Korku, or Muasi.
Birhor of Chutia Nagpur. Mair.
Boyar. Manji.
Bygah. Mehtu or Mehto.
Cheru or Cherwa, a broken Mina.
tribe. Munda.
Dhangar. Nahur.
Gudba. Santal.
Ho of Singbhum. Saont.
Juang. Savara.
The Cheru, Kharwar, Kisan, and Saont of Chutia Nagpur have lost their own language. The Cheru, Bhuiher, Boyar, Kaur, Kharwar, Kisan, Mair, Nagbansi, and Parbeya are broken tribes, and have become Hinduized.
Dravidian- languages are spoken by about 46 millions of people in India and Ceylon. Six of their languages are cultivated, and three writing characters are used. The numbers speaking
them have been estimated as under : Telugu, . . 15,500,000 Uriya, and hill Tamil, . . . 16,000,000 languages, . . 640,000 Canarese, . . 6,000,000 Gond, . . . . 500,000 Kodaga of Coorg, Khond and Ku, . 130,000 Malealam, . 4,226,533 Toda, 300 Tulu, . . . . 29,763 Kotah, 1,000 Amongst the nations of Eastern and Southern Asia, their vernacular and sacred languages furnish examples of all the forms indicated by the philo sophers of Europe.
Mr. F. Jagor (Travels, 1875, p. 69) quotes from a work of Barentes the names of 27 distinct languages officially recognised in the Philippines, besides which there are dialects innumerable spoken both by the Malayan and Negrito wild tribes.
The 1881 Census Report of British India enu merates 115 Asiatic languages spoken in British India, not including the recognised dialects of several of the current tongues ; and there were 28 non-Asiatic tongues recorded, but the languages of 22,626,486 of the population were not distinguished.
Mr. Wallace (ii. p. 292), an accurate observer, who resided for many years in different islands, enumerates the languages spoken in the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, as under : 1. Malay, at Singapore.
2. Javanese, at Java.
3. Sassak, at Lombok. Indigenes of Lombok, a pure Malay race, profess Muhammadanism.
4. Macassar, at S. Celebes, near Macassar ; Muham madans.
5. Bugis, in large part of Celebes • Muhammadans.
6. Bouton, at Boutony, a large island S. of Celebes.
7. Salayer, at Salayer, a smaller island S. of Celebes.
8. Tomore, at E. Peninsula of Celebes ; pagans. The people speaking these five languages of Celebes are of pure Malayan type, and all but the Tomore race are equal in civilisation to the true Malays.
9, 10. Tornohon and Langowen, at plateau of Mina hassa.
11, 12. Ratahan and Belang, at S.E. coast of Minahassa.
13. at W. coast of Blinahassa.
14. Kema, at E. coast of Minahassa.
15. Bantek, at a suburb of Menado.
16. Menado, at chief town.