MYROBALANS of commerce, yielded by the Termivalia chebula and T. bellerica, -are called also gall-nuts. They are oval fruits of a dingy yellow colour,containing much tannin; hence they aro use ful to the tanner as well as to the dyer. With alum, this fruit yields a good durable yellow ; and with salts of iron, a black colour, little inferior to that produced by oak-galls. The trees grow throughout India, Further India, and in parts of the Archipelago. Their dried fruits, the myro balans, are largely exported from India, but in varying quantities, ' cwt. R. Cwt. RS.
1875-76, 286,350 10,64,013 1881-82, 391,666 14,44,925 1878-79, 541,346 23,45,740 1883-84, 447,719 18,41,059 When ripe, the fruit is pear-shaped, deeply wrinkled, of a brownish - yellow colour, and weighs from 70 to 100 grains. The husk contains the whole of the astringent matter, some muci lage, and a brownish-yellow colouring substance, which is used in India for dyeing yellow. The husk is usually separated by bruising the nut, which it encloses. The tannin of myrobalans differs slightly from that of galls. Gallic acid is present in rather large proportion.
Belleric myrobalan.
Heleyluj, . . . ARAB. Kadondong, . . MALAY.
A-mo-loh-kia-kwo, CHIN. Belelab, 11elcylah, . PERS. Bella, . . . Duties. Behira, Vibitaka, SANSK. Beheyra, Bide, . HIND. Booloo, Buhl, . Soon. Malaka, . . . . „ Tanikai, . . . Thar.
The bellerie myrobalan is the fruit of the Ter minalia belleriea ; in its dried state, is little larger than a gall-nut, but not so regular in shape, of a dirty brown colour and astringent taste. It is supposed to be similar in its properties to the chebulic myrobalan, but in a much weaker degree. It is much used in India as the basis of several colours, and also in medicine. It is sometimes
used by the natives, in its dried state, in cases requiring slight astringents.
Chebulic myrobalan.
Hcliluj kabuli, . Anna. Ifelilah, . . . PERS.
A-mo-loh-kia-kwo, CHIN. Haritaka, . . SANSK.
Huldah, . . . Dries. Amlu, . . . . SINGH. Humbether, Hon. Kadukai, . . . TA3r. Thirds, liar, . . Hon.
This is the fruit of the Terminalia chebula. In its dried state it is about the size of a large Spanish olive, of an oblong ovate shape, yellow brown colour, and is marked with edges and furrows alternately. The tree is common in the Mysore country, Bengal, and in some parts of the Bombay,Presidency. This fruit is very astringent, and is extensively used by the natives of India in •their arts and manufactures. It is more astringent than the Aleppo galls. This myrobalan, well rubbed in conjunction with galls and catechu, is considered by the Vyteans as an excellent ex ternal application in the apthous affections of children and adults.
Six kinds of ehebulic myrobalans, all known as Helileh, are used in India,— Helilah-Zira, the fruit is dried when just formed, and the size of a cumin seed or zira.
H.-i-Jawi, the fruit dried when the size of a jao or barley-corn.
H.-i•Zingi, the fruit dried when of a larger size, awl black like a negro.
H.-i-Chini, larger than H.-i-Zingi, and greenish. H.-i-Asfar, the fruit near maturity, and yellow (Asfar). the fruit at full maturity.
Mature Kabul myrobalans sell for a rupee a piece in the Bombay market, under the name of Sarwar-i-Hindi.