NUBRA, the north-western district of Ladakh, on the Shayuk river, in the North-west Himalaya, is in lat. 35° to 36° N., and long. 77° to 78° E. The Sassar pass is 17,753 feet above the sea. The Nubra, Pangong, and Rodok districts, in the , basin of the Shayuk river and its affluents, lie on 1 the S. flank of the Konen Lun, from Balti to Nari, and have Ladakh as their southern boundary. With the exception of Nari, this is the most lofty and sterile part of Tibet, the axis of the Kouen, Lun being probably upwards of 18,500 feet, the valleys 16,000 or 17,000 feet, and numerous peaks rise 20,000 or 23,000 feet. The Kara korum pass is 18,300 feet, the salt Pangono. lakes 13,400 feet. The villages of Lower Nubra are not numerous, but some of them possess very extensive cultivation. From Kashmir eastwards, all the easily accessible portions of the Himalaya are occupied by Aryan Hindus as far as the eastern border of Kamaon and the Kali river . separating Kamaon from Nepal, the Tibetans being here confined to the valleys about and beyond the snow. People of Tibetan blood have
migrated into Nepal, throughout its whole length, and have formed mixed tribes, whose appearance and language is more Tibetan than Indian, but whose religion and manners are Hindu. East of Nepal, in Sikkim and Bhutan, the Hindu element almost disappears, and the Tibetans are altogether dominant. Eastward of Kashmir are the Bhot race in Balti and Ladakh. Balti includes Hasora, Rongdo, Rong-yu], Shagar, Skardo, Balti, Par kuta Tolti, Kartaksho, Kiris, Khaybalu, and m Ch:bat. Ladakh or the Botpa includes Spiti, Zangskar, Purik, Suru, Hembako (Dras), Ladakh proper or Leh, Nubra, Rong, Rupshu, and Hanle. The language of the Bhotias of Tibet, the Bhutia or Tibetan, is also that of Bhutan, and is a con necting link between the polysyllabic and mono syllabic languages. Garhwal is to a large extent Bhot.—Thomson's Tr. p. 199 ; and Thom son, p. 22.