The Kazak Kirghiz are less brave and warlike, though readily engaging in a pillaging expedition. They form the bulk of the Turkish nomades, and are for the most part devoted to a wandering life ; in very few instances have they settled.
The Kara Kalpak are considered dull and foolish, o are even less warlike than the Kirghiz, they o seldom appeared as conquerors, and are i less employed as mercenaries. They arc ely occupied as cattle-breeders, and they are ye, benevolent, and faithful.
any of the Turkoman dwell in a half-settled o along the left bank of the Oxus as far as Jui, and in Khiva. They are notorious ngst all the races of Central Asia as the most ess adventurers. Throughout the whole globe uld be difficult to find a second nation with smell a restless spirit and untameable licentious ness as these children of the desert. To rob, to I plunder, to make slaves, is to the Turkoman lion ourable ; they are always poor, and are dirty and avaricious. Their country is the wildest and most savage, where even keeping a few cattle gives only a scanty income.
The Uzbak are honest, upright, and have much Turkish open-heartedness ; they are proud of their education, and represent all the best side of the national character of the Turks.
hi Central Asia, the warrior, the shepherd, the priest and the layman, youth and old age, equally affect poetry and reciting of tales. The literature •f the Muhammadans or settled nations, brought from the south, is filled with exotic metaphor and illustration. In the three narrates, the Mullah
and Ishan have written much on religious sub jects, but its mystical allusions are beyond the reach of the people. The Uzbak, the Turkoman, and Kirghiz esteem music as their highest pleasure, and often break out in song, singing soft miuor airs. The Uzbak poetry on religious sub jects is exotic, derived from Persian or Arabic sources. The Tartar compositions are tales, and relate to heroic deeds similar to the romances of Europe.-7'rotter's Central Asia, Bok.hara ; Col-. Ors Central Asia, .Khiva ; Major Wood's Lake Aral; II. TV. Bellew, C.S.I. Kashmir and Kash gar ; Fraser's Travels ; Professor Vambery, Russians in Central Asia, p. 67 ; Vambery, Sketches of Central Asia, pp. 283-338; Yule's Cathay, and the Way Thither, i. p. 206, ii. p. 547 ; Tintkowski, Journey to Pekin, i. pp. 378, 379, i i. p. 312; Surveyor-General's Report; Peschel, Races of Man ; TVinwood Reade, Savage Africa ; Anthropological Review ; Barth, Travels in the Interior of Africa ; Von Maltzan, Tunis and Tripoli; Livingstone's Travels; Cameron's Walk across Africa ; Stanley, Through the Dark Conti nent; Burton, Zanzibar; Dr. Kirk; Lieut.-Col. Rigby; C.. Markham in Moral and Material Pro gress; Mr. R. Cyst in Philological Institute.