KAYAU of „ Darakht, . . . PEns.
Pokoh, MALAY of „ Vrukchum, . . SANSIC.
Ba9011, MILANAU of „ Gass, Gaha, . . SINGH.
Bin, BURN!. Maram, Cherri, .
Tang, . . . CHIN. Chettu, Mann, . TEL.
Age.—The ancient cypress tree of Soma in Lom bardy is said to have been full grown in the time of Julius Cmsar. The oak of Ellerslie, the con queror's oak in Windsor forest, and the cedars of Lebanon, the baobabs of Senegal, the dragon tree of Orotava, the 1Vellingtonia of California, and the cliesnut of Mount Etna, have all been famed. The Wellingtonia rises 300 feet high, has a girth of 30 feet, and one of them was esti nutted to be 6000 years old.
An ' at Fortingalt in Scotland is said to be 3000 years old. A tree at Foullebee on the Eure, in France, when measured in 1829, appeared to be 1100 or 1200 years old. The yew trees of Fountain Abbey are believed to be 1200 years old. The olives in the garden of Gethsemane were full grown when the Ambs were expelled from Jerusalem. Rash id-ud-Din, writing A.D. 1310, mentions the existence of a tree at the confluence of the Jtunna and the Ganges, which is still there, enclosed by part of the fortifications. The plant ing of the Bo Tree in Ceylon, a ceremony coeval with and typical of the introduction there of Buddhism, is one of the most striking passages in the Mahawanso ; and a tree of unusual dinten sions, which occupies the centre of a sacred enclosure at Anaradapura, is still reverenced as the identical one which the sacred books record to have been planted by Mehinda 307 years before the Christian era, consequently in the year 1900 it will be 2207 years old. So sedulously Ls it preserved, that the removal of a single twig is prohibited ; and even the fallen leaves, tut they are scattered by the wind, are collected with rever ence as relics of the holy place. On the altars at the foot of these sacred trees the Buddhists place offerings of flowers, and perform their accu.stomed devotions. Another account says, it was pktnted in the 18th year of the reign of king Deveni platis.sa, or n.c. 288. A Bo Tree is to be seen within the precincts of every Buddhist temple in Ceylon ; one is frequently met with in deserted localities, or near the sites of ancient villages ; but the occurrence of a solitary Bo Tree, with its circular buttress of stonework round the stern, indicates the existence, at some former period, of a Buddhist temple. It is the Ficus religtosa.
2Ifythie.—The tree which stood in the midst of the garden of Eden,' was emphatically styled the tree of life,' and another the tree of knowledge of good and evil.' It was under the oak of Mimli
that Joshua (Joshua xxiv. 26) set up the great stone containing the written law ; the oak near Bethel whichmarkedthe grave of Deborah (Genesis xxxv. 8) was significantly called Allon-bachuth ; the palm tree (Judges iv. 5) under which another Deborah, the prophetess,dwelt; the oak under which sat ` the man of God' (1 Kings xiii. 14); the oak in Ophralt under which the angel of God appeared unto Gideon, and conversed with lihn ; also the humble bus'a in which the Lord revealed himself to Moses in flaming fire on the mountain of Iforeb (Exodus iii. 2). IVe read also in Genesis xViiL 1 that the Lord appeared unto Abraham in the oaks or at the oak of Mature, for so the Hebrew text and the Greek Septuagint (wpa; Tv) .ra MaN3pe) exhibit what in the English text is rendered the plains of Marere.' Abraham's terebinth at Mamre is mentioned by Eusebius to have been worshipped down to the time of Con stantine, and is said to be still growing at Eshcol. Abraham planted a grove at Beersheba, to be witnesses to a solemn covenant and to constitute a sacred open-air temple. The trees have perished, but the wells he excavated are still called after him.
The Asher* rendered groves in 1 Kings xviii. 19, 2 Kings xxiii. 7, was a wooden phallus. Amongst the Celts, the wychelm, elder, and mountain ash seem to have been regataled possessing occult powers ; and -the date, pine, cedar, cypress, sycamore, banyan, Bo Tree, the oak of the Druids, the misletoe, the great ash tree Yggdrasil of the Celts and Teutons, the box, and the white thorn, have all been objects of reverence. Amongst the Romans. trees were consecrated to particular divinities (Virg. Ecl. vii. 61) : reptiles Aleidte gratissima ; vitis laccho, Formosze 'ludas Veneri ; sua Inure& Phcebo.' In Pliny's Natural Ilistory (lib. xiL cap. 1, de arborum honor° ') we read, Arbortim genera numinibus suis (Ewa perpetuo servantur; ut Jovi esculus, Apollini hunts, Minerva olea, Veneri myrtus, Herculi popultts,' etc. Wreaths and fillets, and chaplets or garlands, were often suspended from the sacred branches; whilst among some natioes the practice prevailed of staining trees with blood which had just flowed from the expiring victim, not unfrequently human. Lucan gives a description of the sacred wood near Messina or Marseilles (Phars. iii.) 'Lucas erat longo nunquam violatue ab mvo, Omnis et humanis lustrata cruoribus arbor,' etc.