MORTOO . Of KASSAON. of SALT RANGE.
A beautiful tree of Kamaon, very like the ever green oak of Europe. Its leaves are much more woolly on the under side. The wood is coarse, but lasts well under cover, where it is not exposed. It is extensively used for fuel at the hill Sanatoria, where the tree grows abundantly at from 3500 to 8000 feet elevation.
Quercus infectoria, Olivier, gall oak.
Afees, . . . . ARAB. Dyer's oak, . . . ENG. Pyeen-ta-gar-nee- Majoo-phal, . . HIND.
thee, . . . BURN. Maja,-kanee, . . MALEAL. Maa-phal, . . DEER. Mazoo, . . . . PERS.
Asia Minor, Armenia, and Kurdistan, a shrub 4 to 6 feet high. A very common scrubby bush in Asia Minor; where its branches are attacked by an insect, the Cynips, which punctures them, and causes the formation of the oak-galls.
Quercus lancemfolia, Roxb., a tree of the Garo Hills and Assam. Wood light-coloured like the English oak, but harder, and reckoned, where it grows, one of the most durable timbers.
Quercus lappacea, Roxb., a tree on the Khassya mountains. Wood strong, in colour like that of the common oak, but hard and more close-grained.
Quercus lucida and Q. muricata, Roxb., are Penang trees.
Quercus Mongolica, Fischer, Tsoh-shu, CHIN., an oak of N. China, with small leaves, on which the silkworm is fed.—Smith.
Quercus pedunculata, its bark used medicinally. Quercus prinodes, Linn.
Quercus serrata, Boxb. I Shingra, . . . HIND.
A tree of the Garo Hills, yields a useful timber. Quercus seraecarpifolia,, TVall.
Alpine oak, . . . ENG. I Kharao, Khatao, PANJ. Banchur, Banchar, PANS. I Kharshu, . . . . „ This ascends above the range of pines, and is one of the most alpine trees of the North Hima laya. It is an evergreen specis. Its acorns are named Shah-balloot. It is found in the Sutlej valley between Rampur and Sungnam at an eleva tion of 9000 to 12,000 feet. No oak nor chesnut ascends above 9000 feet in the interior of Sikkim, where they are replaced by a species of hazel (Corylus) ; in the North Himalaya, on the other hand, at 10,000 and 12,000 feet, on the southern face of the Himalaya, as at Chur, Kedarkanta, and Changshel, the Quercus semecarpifolia generally forms the forests at their highest limits, though other species of Quercus are found below, with Taxus, Betula, Deodara, Pinus excelsa, and Mor inda. Q. semecarpifolia is a magnificent tree,
and its timber is much esteemed by the natives. Wood white and heavy ; subject to insects and liable to warp ; used for making charcoal, and by zamindars for ordinary house-building purposes ; produces also good and large timber.
Quercus semiserrata, Roxb., Thit-kya, BURM., a, tree of the Garo and Khassya Hills and British Burma. Wood used for plugs or pins, to join together the three pieces which compose the body of a Burmese cart-wheel. Qu. Q. prinodes.
Quercus spicata, Bach., a tree of Nepal, of the Garo, Khassya, and Chittagong Hills. Woodlighter coloured than English oak, but equally close grained, and apparently as strong.
Quercus suber, the cork tree, of all the warm parts of Spain, but is most abundant in Catalonia and Valencia. In the property of forming a spongy soft substance on its bark, it surpasses all other European trees, and hence ia of the greatest value for corks and for similar purposes. Quercus occidentalis, one of the varieties of Q. suber affording cork, in Southern France, Spain, and N. Africa. This species is confined to the Atlantic provinces, and is distinguished by its acorns ripening in the second year. The first gathering of the bark takes place when the trees are about 12 to 15 years of age. This is burned, being almost useless. There is a second gather ing some 7 or 8 years later, of porous cork, and after a similar interval, a third or better quality, which may be used for corks. The harvest is continued at intervals of 7 to 10 years, the best cork being produced by trees on a poor soil.
Quercus turbinata, Roxb., grows in Chittagong, in Burma, affords useful timber, though inferior to English oak. Roxburgh says it is only used for fuel.
Quercus velutina, Tha ghau, BURM., grows in Burma and the Teuasserim Provinces. It affords useful timber, though inferior to English oak.— Capt. Gerard, Kanaivar ; Messrs. Barnes, Fortune, Gamble ; Hodg. Nagasaki ; Powell; Cal. Cat. Ex., 1862 ; Messrs. Balfour, Cleg., Hook., Mason, O'Sh., Roxb., Boyle, Stew., Voigt, TVight, Thzni.