OWUND KARI. MAIM. A person cultivating and in a village, but residing in another village.
The ox is one of the Bovinse, a sub - family of the family Bovidre, of the order Ruminantia. The order Ruminantia may be shown as under :— Bovidaa. ! I Iermitragus.
Cery us. Antilopinte. Capra.
ltucarvus. Portax. O vas.
Russ. Totraccros. 7lovin a.
Axis. Antilope.
Cervulus. Gnzella. Gamus.
bloselxus. Caprinte. 13ubalus.
1%1 ornimna. NornorrItcodus.
The Bovinm, called cattle, also horned cattle, to which this notice is restricted, have always horns in both sexes, usually inclining upwards or forwards, with a large and broad muffle, a moder ately long tail, no eyepits, but with four mamma). The sub-family Bovinto is divisible into three groups, the Bisontine or bisons, the Taurine or oxen, and the Bubaline or buffaloes.
The Bisontine group comprise the bison of Europe and N. America, the musk ox of Arctic America, and the yak or Poephagus grunniens of Central Asia. The true bison of Europe, Bisou urns or the Aurochs, has a broad forehead, long limb; and shaggy mane. The yak, called in Tibetan Brong-Dhong, in Hindi the Banchowr or wild bull, is found wild on the northern side of the Himalaya, but it has been domesticated, and called the Chaori-gao.
The Taurine group has been subdivided by Blyth into the Zebu, or humped domestic cattle, the Taurus, humpless cattle with Cylindrical horns, and Gavxus, humpless cattle with flattened horns, peculiar to South-Eastern Asia. They have all thirteen pairs of ribs. It is to the Zebus that the common humped cattle of India belong ; they have run wild in Mysore, near Nellore, in Oudh, Mozuffurnuggur, Rohilkhand, and Shahabad. Near Nellore, the country they frequent is much covered with jungle, and intersected with salt-water creeks and marine lagoons, and the cattle are as wild and wary as the most feral species. They are of large size, and their horns are long and upright. The genus Taurus contains the cattle of Europe with cylindrical horns, including the feral race of Chillingham. The flat-horned Taurines of Blyth include the genera Gavmus, Gavmus gaurus, Jer don, the Gaur or Gauri-gao of all India, the Py oung of the Burmese ; also the Gayal or Mit'hun, the G. frontalis, compared with the Gaur, a heavy, clumsy-looking animal of the hilly tracts to the east of the Brahmaputra, and at the head of the valley of Assam, the Mishmi hill's and their vicin ity, and probably extending north and east into the borders of China. It is extensively and easily
domesticated, and has bred with the common Indian cattle.
The Ban-teng or Burmese wild cow, Gavmus sondaicus, the Tso-ing of the Burmese, extends from Chittagong through Burma, the Malayan Peninsula, and Siam, into Borneo, Java, and the larger islands of the E. Archipelago. This species resemble') the Gaur more than the Gayal, and it wants the dewlap. The young and the female are red.
The Bubaline group, the buffaloes, of the genus Bubalus, have large, almost horizontal, angular horns, inclining backwards and sometimes down wards, with a large and spare muffle and thirteen pairs of ribs. The wild buffalo, the Bubalus arm, is largely domesticated, and used for all the i purposes of an agricultural population. But it is found in the north and east of Ceylon, from the Godavery to Midnapur and Racpur, in the plains of Lower Bengal as far as Tirliut, and Oudh to the Terai and Bhutan, inhabiting the margins of forests in the most swampy sites. It lives in large herds, but in the rutting season the most powerful males lead off and appropriate 'several females. They rut in autumn, and the female gestates ten months, producing one or two in summer. The domestic buffalo is often lean and angular ; they are used for draught and as nu lch cattle. But the wild buffalo is uniformly in high condition, and the bull is of such power and vigour as by his charge frequently to prostrate a well-sized elephant. There is an African species, B. brachyceros, Gray, and a Cape buffalo, B. cafer, with horns so large as nearly to cover the forehead. In the E. Indies the buffalo is 4enerally used in ploughing up the muddy lands in which rice is grown, often for carriage, rarely for draught for long journeys. The Binjara and other migra tory grain merchants, who travel over several hundred miles of India, collecting grain and carrying salt, invariably use the bullock, never the buffalo ; and a handsome bullock, ornamented with streamers and a bell, leads the herd. They are the only race that subjects the cow to labour.